neurology buzzwords Flashcards
thunderclap headache
subarachnoid haemorrhage
subarachnoid lumbar puncture
xanthochromic lumbar puncture
lucid period after head trauma (often followed by sudden collapse/deterioration)
extradural haemorrhage
cogwheel rigidity
Parkinson’s
woody texture muscular swelling
duchenne or Becker MD
raised CK
muscular dystrophy
muscular dystrophy
toe walker, positive gowers sign
mask like expression
parkinson’s
fluctuating cognitive deficit
lewy body dementia or delirium
REM disturbance
levy body or parkinson’s
vivid visual hallucinations normally of children and not threatening
lewy body
acute onset cognitive disturbance that fluctuates
delirium
personality change then dementia
frontotemporal (Picks)
stepwise deterioration
vascular dementia
memory and personality changes in someone with past hx of CV disease
vascular dementia
pain on loud noise
facial nerve palsy
painful third nerve palsy
posterior communicating artery aneurysm
myalgia + myositis + myoglobulinaemia/uria
rhabdomyolysis
inflammatory myopathy, poor response to steroids
inclusion body myositis
weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis
myotonic dystrophy
leg symptoms, midline shift
falcine herniation
back pain, worse on coughing
slipped disk
headache worse on coughing
posterior fossa issue
BL sciatica + male sexual dysfunction +/- bladder bowel symptoms
cauda equina
pleocytosis in CSF
rule out bacterial meningitis
migraine prophylaxis
1st propranolol, topiramate or amitriptyline, 2nd valproate, pizotifen, gabapentin, pregabalin
erb’s palsy, waiter’s tip
upper brachial plexus injury
klumpke’s palsy, claw hand
lower brachial plexus injury
anti acetylcholine receptor antibody
myasthenia gravis
UMN and LMN symptoms with ocular sparing
motor neurone disease
high stepping gait, romberg’s positive
cervical myelopathy
babinski and hoffmans sign
UMN defect
IgG oligoclonal bands on CSF
Multiple sclerosis
motor neuron disease treatment (not very good)
Riluzole
hemicrania continua treatment
indomethacin
Lamotrigine or Gabapentin.
treatment for SUNCT
treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
is grey matter myelinated?
no
is white mater myelinated?
yes
where is the white matter in the CNS
inside
where is the white matter in the PNS
outside
what cells create myelin in the PNS
schwan cells
what cells create myelin in the CNS (brain)
Oligodendrocytes
which embrological stucture did the nervous system derive from?
Ectoderm
what cells form the blood-brain barrier and takes up neurotransmitters and K+ and H20
Astrocytes
what do ependymal cells do?
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, circulation, and maintaining the brain-CSF barrier.
what cell detects heavy pressure
Meissner Corpuscle
what cell detects vibration
Pacinian corpuscle
What cells detect light touch
Merkel disks
where is brocas area?
left inferior frontal gyrus
where is wernickes area?
left superior temporal gyrus
which type of stroke can cause difficulty hearing?
lateral pontine syndrome- anterior inferior cerebellar artery AICA
which stroke can cause troubles swallowing?
lateral medullary syndrome- posterior inferior cerebellar artery PICA-chew.
Wallenbergs syndrome
what is wallenbergs syndrome
ipsilateral horners, loss of pain and tem sensation on face
contratlateral loss of pain and temp sensation over body
balance problems
difficulty speaking and swallowing
what artery occlusion causes locked in syndrome?
basilar artery
pure sensory stroke
thalamic infart (lucanar)
Gerstmann’s syndrome
left middle cerebral artery occlusion -RIGHT HANDED PPL
Agraphia (difficulty writing), acalculia (difficulty with calculations), finger agnosia (inability to distinguish fingers), and right-left disorientation
what artery is infarcted in medial medullary sysndrome?
anterior spinal artery
what artery is affected in lateral medullary sysndrome?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery- PICA
what artery is affected in lateral pontine syndrome
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery- AICA
what artery is affected in medial pontine syndrome?
Basillar Artery
man in a barrel syndrome
Watershed area between the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct.
where there is bilateral weakness of the proximal upper limbs with sparing of the lower limbs
what area of the brain gives us the ability to recognize faces?
The right fusiform gyrus, located in the occipitotemporal cortex
sunset eyes sign
central (transtentoral) brain herniation or Hydrocephalus- due to compression of the superior colliculus of the midbrain.
Jacksonian movement (clonic movements travelling proximally) indicates what part of the brain is affected?
frontal lobe epilepsy
aura, rising epigastic sensation, psychic dejavu, hallucinations LIP SMACKING!
Temporal seizure
speech non-fluent, comprehension normal, repetition impaired
brocas aphasia
speech fluent, but repetition poor. Comprehension is relatively intact
conduction aphasia
speech fluent, comprehension abnormal, repetition impaired
Wernicke’s dysphasia
prophylaxis of cluster headaches?
verapamil
