Neurology

Question 1

Causes of mononeuritis multiplex

1. Categories
2. Causes

Answer 1

Inherited: hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies

Infective: Herpes Zoster, HIV, Leprosy, Lyme

Inflammatory: RA, Sarcoidosis, SLE, Polyarteritis nodosa, Granulomatous with polyangiitis

Metabolic: DM

Malignant: carcinoma, lymphoma

Question 2

Causes of peripheral neuropathy

1. Categories
2. Causes

Answer 2

Inherited: CMT
Infective: HIV, Lyme, Leprosy, Diptheria
Inflammatory: GBS, Chronic inflammatory demyelination neuropathy, Sjögrens, vascularised, sarcoidosis
Metabolic: DM, uraemia, myxoedema, Amyloidosis
Nutritional: B1 (thiamine), B12, B3 (niacin)
Drugs: Isoniazid, Amiodarone, Phenytoin
Toxins: Alcohol, Lead
Malignant: paraneoplastic

Question 3

Predominantly sensory peripheral neuropathy

Answer 3

DM
Uraemia 
Alcohol 
B12
HIV
Paraneoplastic 
Sjögrens
Connective tissue diseases 
Toxins

Question 4

Predominantly motor peripheral neuropathy

Answer 4

GBS
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy
CMT
Myeloma

Question 5

Predominantly autonomic neuropathy

Answer 5

Amyloidosis 
DM 
GBS
Porphyria
Hereditary sensory neuropathy

Question 6

Causes of cerebellar ataxia

Answer 6

Acute: stroke, ms, infection, vasculitis

Chronic: alcohol, nutritional deficiencies,

Question 7

Causes of ptosis

Answer 7

Bilateral
Myotonic dystrophy
Myasthenia gravis
Congenital

Unilateral
Third nerve palsy
Horners syndrome

Question 8

Causes of cerebellar syndrome

Answer 8

Paraneoplastic
Alcohol
MS
Tumour
Friedrichs ataxia
Ataxia telangiectasia
Phenytoin toxicity
Hypothyroidism
Stroke

Question 9

Bamford classification of stroke

Answer 9

TACS: Hemiplegia, Homonomous hemianopia, Higher cortical dysfunction
PACS: 2/3 of above
LACS: Pure hemi motor or hemi sensory loss

Question 10

Causes of generalised wasting of the hand

Answer 10

Anterior horn cell: MND, Syringomyelia, Cervical cord compression, polio
Brachial plexus: Cervical rib, Pancoasts tumor, trauma
Peripheral nerve: peripheral neuropathy, ulna and radial nerve lesions
Muscle: atrophy

Question 11

Causes of proximal myopathy

Answer 11

Cushing’s syndrome 
PMR
Hyperthyroidism 
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Osteomalacia 
Paraneoplastic 
Alcohol

Question 12

Wallenberg syndrome/ lateral

Medullary syndrome

Answer 12

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct
Dysphagia
Ipsilateral sensory loss
Contralateral trunk and extremities sensory loss
Ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia and rotatory nystagmus