Gastroenterology

Question 1

Causes of Hepatomegaly

Answer 1

ALD, Malignancy, CCF
Infection (Hep B/C)
Immune (PBC, PSC, autoimmune hepatitis)
Infiltrative (Amyloid, Myeloproliferative disorders)

Question 2

Childs Pugh

Answer 2

Bilirubin, Albumin, INR, ascites, encephalopathy

Question 3

Causes of Palmer erythema

Answer 3

Cirrhosis, Hyperthyroidism, RA, Pregnancy, Polycythemia

Question 4

Causes of Gynacomastia

Answer 4

Kleinfelters, cirrhosis, drugs (spiro, digoxin), Testicular tutor, orchidectomy, thyroid disorders, addisons

Question 5

Causes of splenomegaly

Answer 5

Massive : CML, Myelofibrosis, Malaria
Moderate: myeloproliverative dostoders, amyloidosis
Tip: Myeloproliferative disorders, portal hypertension, EBV, IE, Hepatitis, Haemolytic anaemia

Question 6

Splenectomy

Answer 6

Indications: Rupture, ITP, Hereditary spherocytosis

Vaccines: (encapsulated organisms) Haemophilis influenzae, pneumococcus, meningococcus
Prophylactic penicillin

Question 7

Renal enlargement

Answer 7

Unilateral:
PKD, malignancy, Cysts, Hydronephrosis

Bilateral:
PKD, Malignancy, Hydronephrosis, Tuberous sclerosis, amyloidosis

Question 8

PKD

Answer 8

Replacement of normal kidney with cysts,
Autosomal dominant
HTN, Utis, abdo pain, haematuria
Progresses to end stage renal failure
Can have hepatic cysts, berry aneurysms, MV prolapse

Rx renal trasplant, nephrectomy, dialysis

Question 9

Top causes for renal/liver transplant

Answer 9

Renal: Glomerulonephritis, DM, PKD

Liver: Cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, malignancy

Question 10

Extra intestinal manifestations of IBD

Answer 10

Apthous ulcers, 
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma ganrensoum
Clubbing
Arthritis
Seronegative arthritides
Uveitis, episcleritis, irisitis
Primary sclerosis cholangitis (UC)