Neurology

Question 1

8 Cortical signs

Answer 1

1. higher mental function deficit
2. decreased memory
3. decreased orientation
4. dysphasia
5. apraxia
6. reduced consciousness
7. hallucinations
8. seizures

Question 2

right hand apraxia. where is the lesion?

Answer 2

left parietal cortex

Question 3

truncal ataxia

where is the lesion?

Answer 3

cerebellar vermis

Question 4

expressive dysphasia vs receptive dysphasia

which area which gyrus?

Answer 4

expressive - broca’s inferior frontal gyrus

receptive - wernicke’s superior temporal gyrus

Question 5

occipital lobe lesion presentation

Answer 5

contralateral hemianopia with macula sparing

visual hallucinations

Question 6

parietal lobe lesion presentation

Answer 6

agnosia
apraxia
acalculia
hemineglect if nondominant lobe involved
lower quadrantic visual field defect (upper fibres of optic radiation)

Question 7

4 cardinal signs of parkinsons

Answer 7

• pillrolling resting tremor
• bradykinesia
• rigidity

Question 8

cerebellar vs bulbar palsy dysarthria

Answer 8

cerebellar monotone, bulbar nasal

Question 9

which substance in the brain when damaged gives coma

Answer 9

reticular activating formation

Question 10

Anal sphincter innervated by which muscle which myotomes?

Answer 10

S234, sphincter ani externus

Question 11

shoulder abduction by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 11

deltoid, C5-6

Question 12

elbow flexion by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 12

biceps and brachialis, C5-6

Question 13

C5-6 innervates which muscle groups and coordinates what action?

Answer 13

deltoid for shoulder abduction

biceps and brachialis for elbow flexion

Question 14

C6-7 innervates which muscle groups and coordinates what actions?

Answer 14

triceps for elbow extension

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis for wrist extension

Question 15

elbow extension by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 15

triceps, C6-7

Question 16

wrist extension by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 16

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, C6-7

Question 17

Abduction, adduction of fingers, opposition and abduction of thumb by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 17

intrinsic hand muscles, C8-T1

Question 18

C8-T1 innervates which groups of muscles, what movements

Answer 18

intrinsic hand muscles, for abduction adduction of fingers, opposition and abduction of thumb

Question 19

Hip flexion by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 19

iliopsoas, L1-2

Question 20

Hip adduction by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 20

adductor longus and brevis, L2-3

Question 21

knee extension by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 21

quadriceps, L3-4

Question 22

knee flexion by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 22

hamstrings, L4-5

Question 23

L1-2 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 23

iliopsoas, for hip flexion

Question 24

L2-3 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 24

adductor longus and brevis, for hip adduction

Question 25

L3-4 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 25

quadriceps, knee extension

Question 26

L4-5 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 26

hamstrings for knee flexion

tibialis anterior for ankle dorsiflexion

Question 27

ankle dorsiflexion by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 27

tibialis anterior, L4-5

Question 28

S1-2 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 28

gastrocnemius, soleus for ankle plantar flexion

Question 29

ankle plantar flexion by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 29

gastrocnemius, soleus, S1-2

Question 30

great toe extension by which muscle group which myotomes?

Answer 30

extensor hallucis longus, L5-S1

Question 31

L5S1 innervates which muscle for what action

Answer 31

extensor hallucis longus for great toe extension

Question 32

spinothalamic tract
which modality
where decussate

Answer 32

pain and temperature

decussate at spinal level