Nephrology Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of ESRF
A
DM HTN GN Idiopathic Others Genetic UTI
2
Q
Investigations for CRF
A
- CBC
- RFT (urea, cr, protein, albumin, electrolytes)
- urinalysis (rbc wbc protein)
- 24hr/spot urine (cr concentration and protein; albumin:creatinine)
- imaging US (shape, structure, obstruction); CT pyelogram
- renal biopsy
3
Q
Risk factors for CKD
A
DM HTN AI Systemic infections UTI Nephrolithiasis Lower urinary tract obstruction Hyperuricemia AKI Family history (PCKD, Alport, medullary cystic kidney disease) SES (old age, black, smoking, alcoholism, obesity) NSAIDs
4
Q
What extrarenal infections cause CKD and proteinuria, what should you ask in the history?
A
HIV, HBV, HCV
ask about IVDU and high-risk sexual behavior
5
Q
What extrarenal infections cause CKD and proteinuria, what should you ask in the history?
A
IE, HIV, HBV, HCV
ask about IVDU and high-risk sexual behavior
6
Q
What does a history of recent diarrhea, bleeding suggest the underlying cause of CKD be and why?
A
volume loss may decrease renal
perfusion and cause acute kidney
injury, which predisposes to CKD
7
Q
Investigations for multiple myeloma
A
- skeletal survey (punched skull lesions)
- serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation for Ig pattern (immunoparesis) and monoclonal bands
- BM biopsy for clonal expansion of plasma cells
- renal biopsy
- serum free light chains
8
Q
how to differentiate chronic vs acute renal failure radiologically?
A
USG
- size
- corticomedullary differentiation
9
Q
MM symptoms
A
CRAB hyperCa Renal impairment Anemia Bone fractures
10
Q
How does MM cause renal failure
A
- hypercalcemia –> dehydration
- cast nephropathy
- amyloidosis
- light-chain deposition disease
11
Q
Complications of MM
A
Infection Bleeding Anemia Plasmacytoma Amyloidosis
