Neurology Flashcards
Name the 4 lobe syndromes and a symptom for each
occipital - black area
parietal - struggle with spelling more
frontal - can’t come back to tasks
temporal - memory problems
What are 3 causes of urinary retention and the meciation used to treat it?
UTI, constipation, operation, drugs, BPE, severe LUTS
alpha blockers e.g. tamulosin
Name 3 common causes of coma and 3 tests to do
drugs, alcohol, anorexia, injury, infections, metabolic, epilepsy
Bloods - toxicology, ABG, U&E, LFT, glucose
ECG
CT
LP
What is normal for ICP on a LP and what precautions do you need to take first?
< 20 normal
> 30 abnormal
CT - if basal and ventricular systems, look fine then there is minimal risk of coning
What does blood look like on CT?
fresh = white older = black
What is clinically isolated symptoms?
First episode of neurological symptoms lasting at least 24 hours
NOT MS
MS = CNS lesions disseminated in time and space
What are the common symptoms of GCS?
Best eye open response
Best verbal response
Best motor response
What are the parts of a mini neurological exam?
GCS
lateralising signs
pupils
vital signs
What is Cheyne-stokes breathing?
cycles of progressively deeper breathing then apnoea
- caused by HF or stroke
What is Kussmaul breathing?
deep laboured breathing caused by metabolic acidosis
What is autonomic dysreflexia and how do you treat it?
dangerous hypertension in patients with spinal cord injury T6 and higher
- also bradycardia, feeling unwell, dilated pupils
Take away stimulus, sit patient up, treat BP if they don’t work
What is achalasia?
lower oesophageal sphincter fails to open during swallowing
‘birds beak’ appearance
What does a slow or small NCS response mean?
slow = demyelination small = axonal loss
What does an EMG detect?
EMG = electromyography
electrical activity in the muscle the needle is placed into
What are some causes of peripheral neuropathy?
DAVID
diabetes, alcohol, vitamin B12 deficiency, infective/inherited conditions, drugs
