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Year 4 Overview/Random tests > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Typical seizures in alcohol withdrawal?

A

Generalised tonic-clonic seziures

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2
Q

What can cause peripheral neuropathies?

A 
Chemotherapy agents -chalk based etc
Poorly controlled diabetes
Alcoholism
Thiamine/B12/folate deficiency
Infections - lyme disease, shingles, epstein-barr virus, hepatitis C and HIV.
Autoimmune diseases - Sjogren's syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and necrotizing vasculitis.
Trauma
Met disease
Charcot-Marie Tooth
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3
Q

Common findings on EEG

A

Look up!

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4
Q

Why do you get pain in the back and down the legs with S1 radicular pain?

A

Pain fibres within muscle innervation area are interpreted as being activated due to nerve root impingement
(Not dermatomal/not skin/sciatic nerve)

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5
Q

Causes of radiculopathy?

A 
Disc herniation
Osteophytes
Tumour - compression/fracture
Inflammatory conditions
Infection - epidural abscess/herpes zoster
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6
Q

Radicular pain - prognosis?

A

Most people improve 6-8 weeks

80% lifetime risk

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7
Q

Why anoreflexic initially when spinal cord transected/damaged?

A

Deporalisation due to cascade of damage

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8
Q

Central cord syndrome?

A

Elderly people (stenotic spinal canals) - cape-like distribution and motor deficit in hands (fibres most medial)

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9
Q

Causes of acute spinal cord compression?

A

Trauma
Metastatic disease - pathological fracture
Haematomas
TB spine

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10
Q

How long does Gabapentin/amitriptyline take to work?

A

2-6 weeks

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11
Q

Clinical features of hemicrania continua

A

Rigidly side-locked
Older adults
Excellent treatment response to endomethacin (lots of side effects so makes it difficult to justify treatment - renal/GI etc)

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12
Q

Variation of hemicrania continua?

A

Paroxysmal hemicrania

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13
Q

Children sex ratio of migraine?

A

1:1

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14
Q

Types of migraine aura?

A

Visual, auditory, dysphasia, paraesthesia, vertigo

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15
Q

Typical length of aura?

A

20-30 minutes

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16
Q

Typical food triggers of migraine?

A

Cheese/red wine - typically hypoglycaemic?

17
Q

Clinical definition of migraine?

A

Throbbing headache of moderate-severe intensity plus 2/3:
photophobia, phonophobia and osmophobia

Typically lasts longer than an hour

18
Q

What auras more associated with epilepsy?

A

Temporal lobe - rising epigastric sensation/deja vu etc etc

19
Q

What makes focal symptoms/signs more likely to be migraine?

A

If spreading around ie not limited to one vascular territory

20
Q

Limitations of ACE?

A

Must have good vision/be able to read

Scores only actually evidence-based for Alzhemier’s

21
Q

How to differentiate between cerebellar ataxia and sensory ataxia?

A

For sensory ataxia:
+ve Rhomberg’s sign - can do if eyes open but not if eyes closed
Also absence of other cerebellar signs

22
Q

Elderly person is light-headed and faint after turning head frequently in a busy supermarket?

A

Small vessel ischaemic disease

23
Q

What drugs cause long QT syndrome?

A

Macrolides - clarithromycin
Quinolones (also tendonopathies/reduce seizure threshold)
Anti-arrthymics - Class 1 and 3 (upstroke and downstroke)
Anti-psychotics (also reduce seizure threshold)
Anti-depressants - SSRIs (citalopram particularly) and TCAs
Methadone
Antimalarials - quinolone and ?

24
Q

What non-drug causes of long QT syndrome are there?

A

Hypothermia
SAH
Myocardial ischaemia
Hypokalaemia/hypomagnesia/hypocalcaemia

25
Q

What anti-emetic to avoid in under 25s?

A

Metoclopramide

26
Q

Drug least likely to produce tardive dyskinesia?

A

Clozapine or other atypicals

27
Q

The relevance of GCS motor levels?

A

Cortical > sub-cortical > basal ganglia > brain stem

28
Q

What happens in uncal or tentorial herniation?

A

Pressure effect on temporal causing pressing on CN III

29
Q

What should do when describing GCS on the phone?

A

Use words if between 3 and 15

30
Q

Which opioid should be avoided in epipleptics?

A

Tramadol

31
Q

Is dementia associated with MND?

A

Yes - frontotemporal dementia

32
Q

Which vertebral level is brachioradialis?

A

C6/7

33
Q

In UMN disease what happens in facial palsy and why?

A

Sparing of frontalis muscle due to cross-innervation

34
Q

Deafness and diabetes - until proven otherwise think of?

A

Mitochondrial disease

35
Q

What can happen if give folic acid without adequate B12 supplementation?

A

Acute spinal cord compression

Year 4 Overview/Random tests (11 decks)

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