Neurology Flashcards
Name the nuclei associated with the Thalamus
Ventral posterior lateral Ventral posterior medial Lateral geniculate Medial geniculate Ventral lateral
What is the input for the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus
What is the input for the ventral posterior medical nucleas of the thalamus?
trigeminal and gustatory pathway
What is the input for the lateral geniculate nucleas of the thalamus?
CN2
What is the input for the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
Superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum
What is the input for the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
basal ganglia, cerebellum
What information is passed through the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Pain, temp, press, touch, vibration, proprioception
What information is passed through the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus?
Face sensation and taste
What information is passed through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
Vision
What information is passed through the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
Hearing
What information is passed through the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Motor
What is the destination of the ventral post. lat. nucleus of the thalamus?
primary somatosensory cortex
What is the destination of the ventral post. med. nucleus of the thalamus?
primary somatosensory cortex
What is the destination of the lat. geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
calcarine sulcus
What is the destination of the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?
Auditory cortex of temporal lobe
What is the destination of the vental lateral nucleus?
Motor cortex
What is the limbic system responsible for?
Feeding Fleeing Fighting Feeling Sex
What 5 structures make up the limbic system?
Hippocampus amygdala fornix mammillary bodies cingulate gyrus (come find me and hump)
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Coordination/balance/modulates movement
What are the two ways we get input into the cerebellum?
- contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle
2. Ipsilateral proprioception information via inferior cerebellar peduncle from the spinal cord
What are the two ways we get output from the cerebellum?
- send information to contralateral cortex to medullae movement. Output nerves = Purkinj cells –> deep nuclei of cerebellum –> contralateral cortex via the superior cerebral peduncle
- Deep nuclei (lateral to medial) - dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial
What happens to patients with a lateral cerebellar lesion?
fall towards injured (ipsilateral) side
controls voluntary movement of extremities
What happens to patients with a medial cerebellar lesion?
truncal ataxia nystagmus head tilting. Wide-based cerebellar gait Deficits in truncal coordination Bilateral motor deficiencies affecting axial and proximal limb musclulature
What is the purpose of the basal ganglia?
Important in voluntary movements
postural adjustments
receives cortical input, provides negative feedback to cortex to modulate movement
Brain lesion in the amygdala leads to…
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition)
Kluver-Bucy syndrome is associate with which virus?
HSV-1
Brain lesions in the frontal lobe result in?
Disinhibition deficits in concentration orientation judgement may have reemergence of primitive reflexes
What is the result of a lesion in the right perietal-temporal cortex?
Spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)
What is the result of a lesion in the left parietal-temporal cortex?
Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and left-right disorientation
What results from a reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion?
reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma)
What results from a mammillary body (bilateral) lesion?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confusion, ophthalmoplegix, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes
What is associate with lesions in the mammilary bodies?
B1 (thiamine) deficiency and excessive EtOH use
Can also be precipitated by giving glucose without B1 to a B1 deficient individual
What results from a lesion to the basal ganglia?
resting tremor
chorea
athetosis
Cerebellar hemisphere lesions result in ?
Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance
ipsilateral deficits
falls towards side of lesion
Cerebellar vermis lesions result in ?
Truncal ataxia
dysarthria
Subthalamic nucleus lesions results in ?
contralateral hemiballismus
Hippocampus (bilateral) lesion results in ?
Anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories
Paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion results in ?
Eyes look away from side of lesion
Frontal eye field lesion results in ?
eyes look towards lesion
A lesion of the left parietal-temporal cortex results in what syndrome?
gerstmann syndrome
