Neurology

Question 1

Name the nuclei associated with the Thalamus

Answer 1

Ventral posterior lateral
Ventral posterior medial
Lateral geniculate 
Medial geniculate
Ventral lateral

Question 2

What is the input for the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 2

Spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

Question 3

What is the input for the ventral posterior medical nucleas of the thalamus?

Answer 3

trigeminal and gustatory pathway

Question 4

What is the input for the lateral geniculate nucleas of the thalamus?

Answer 4

CN2

Question 5

What is the input for the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 5

Superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

Question 6

What is the input for the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 6

basal ganglia, cerebellum

Question 7

What information is passed through the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 7

Pain, temp, press, touch, vibration, proprioception

Question 8

What information is passed through the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 8

Face sensation and taste

Question 9

What information is passed through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 9

Vision

Question 10

What information is passed through the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 10

Hearing

Question 11

What information is passed through the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 11

Motor

Question 12

What is the destination of the ventral post. lat. nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 12

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 13

What is the destination of the ventral post. med. nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 13

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 14

What is the destination of the lat. geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 14

calcarine sulcus

Question 15

What is the destination of the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 15

Auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 16

What is the destination of the vental lateral nucleus?

Answer 16

Motor cortex

Question 17

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Answer 17

Feeding
Fleeing
Fighting
Feeling
Sex

Question 18

What 5 structures make up the limbic system?

Answer 18

Hippocampus
amygdala
fornix
mammillary bodies
cingulate gyrus
(come find me and hump)

Question 19

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

Coordination/balance/modulates movement

Question 20

What are the two ways we get input into the cerebellum?

Answer 20

1. contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle

2. Ipsilateral proprioception information via inferior cerebellar peduncle from the spinal cord

Question 21

What are the two ways we get output from the cerebellum?

Answer 21

1. send information to contralateral cortex to medullae movement. Output nerves = Purkinj cells –> deep nuclei of cerebellum –> contralateral cortex via the superior cerebral peduncle
2. Deep nuclei (lateral to medial) - dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial

Question 22

What happens to patients with a lateral cerebellar lesion?

Answer 22

fall towards injured (ipsilateral) side

controls voluntary movement of extremities

Question 23

What happens to patients with a medial cerebellar lesion?

Answer 23

truncal ataxia
nystagmus
head tilting.
Wide-based cerebellar gait
Deficits in truncal coordination
Bilateral motor deficiencies affecting axial and proximal limb musclulature

Question 24

What is the purpose of the basal ganglia?

Answer 24

Important in voluntary movements
postural adjustments
receives cortical input, provides negative feedback to cortex to modulate movement

Question 25

Brain lesion in the amygdala leads to…

Answer 25

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition)

Question 26

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is associate with which virus?

Answer 26

HSV-1

Question 27

Brain lesions in the frontal lobe result in?

Answer 27

Disinhibition 
deficits in concentration
orientation
judgement
may have reemergence of primitive reflexes

Question 28

What is the result of a lesion in the right perietal-temporal cortex?

Answer 28

Spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)

Question 29

What is the result of a lesion in the left parietal-temporal cortex?

Answer 29

Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and left-right disorientation

Question 30

What results from a reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion?

Answer 30

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (coma)

Question 31

What results from a mammillary body (bilateral) lesion?

Answer 31

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confusion, ophthalmoplegix, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes

Question 32

What is associate with lesions in the mammilary bodies?

Answer 32

B1 (thiamine) deficiency and excessive EtOH use

Can also be precipitated by giving glucose without B1 to a B1 deficient individual

Question 33

What results from a lesion to the basal ganglia?

Answer 33

resting tremor
chorea
athetosis

Question 34

Cerebellar hemisphere lesions result in ?

Answer 34

Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance
ipsilateral deficits
falls towards side of lesion

Question 35

Cerebellar vermis lesions result in ?

Answer 35

Truncal ataxia

dysarthria

Question 36

Subthalamic nucleus lesions results in ?

Answer 36

contralateral hemiballismus

Question 37

Hippocampus (bilateral) lesion results in ?

Answer 37

Anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories

Question 38

Paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion results in ?

Answer 38

Eyes look away from side of lesion

Question 39

Frontal eye field lesion results in ?

Answer 39

eyes look towards lesion

Question 40

A lesion of the left parietal-temporal cortex results in what syndrome?

Answer 40

gerstmann syndrome