Neurology

Question 1

Essential tremors are the most common neurologic CAUSE of what?

Answer 1

Action tremors

Question 2

what is the main presentation of essential tremors?

Answer 2

Absence of neurological symptoms are deficits

Question 3

What is the treatment for mild/situational essential tremors?

Answer 3

propranolol

Question 4

what is the treatment for essential tremors that are unresponsive to first line therapies, or more symptomatic?

Answer 4

Primidone

Question 5

What is the most common cause of resting tremors?

Answer 5

Parkinson’s disease

Question 6

What are the 3 cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 6

Tremor, Bradykinesia, and Rigidity

Question 7

What is the main treatment for parkinson’s disease related symptoms?

Answer 7

Levadopa-Carbidopa

Question 8

What medication is rarely used in parkinson’s disease, and what age limit is required?

Answer 8

Amantadine – 70 years old

Question 9

What are the signs of the secondary headache:

CVA (Stroke)

Answer 9

Focal neuro changes

hemodynamic instability

Question 10

What are the signs of the secondary headache:

Idiopathic Intracranial HTN

Answer 10

Transient bilateral vision changes

Papiledema

Question 11

What are the signs of the secondary headache:

Giant Cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

Answer 11

Temple pain

Elevate ESR/CRP

Question 12

What are the signs of the secondary headache:

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 12

Unilateral, acute stabbing pain by Cranial nerve V branch that worsens with chewing.

tx: Carbamazepine

Question 13

Cluster headaches are more common in who?

Answer 13

Males and tobacco users

Question 14

What are the main symptoms of a cluster headache?

Answer 14

Sharp or stabbing in quality and unilateral

Often autonomic symtpoms are present (tearing/runny nose of affected side of head)

Question 15

What is the treatment for cluster headaches?

Answer 15

100% oxygen

Verapamil (preventive)

Sumatriptan (abortive)

Question 16

What are the contraindications to using Triptans as abortive treatment for migraines?

Answer 16

basilar migraine

ischemic stroke

myocardial infarction

prinzemetal angina

uncontrolled hypertension

Question 17

What medication classes should you avoid using in conjunction of triptans? and why?

Answer 17

SSRI/SNRI, may cause serotonin syndrome

Question 18

What are the hallmark symptoms of Tension headaches?

Answer 18

BILATERAL, non throbbing headache

Question 19

Vertigo: Peripheral or Central

Visual fixation stops nystagmus

Answer 19

Peripheral

Question 20

Vertigo: Peripheral or Central

Abnormal Neuro exam

Answer 20

Central

Question 21

With Peripheral vertigo, how is it diagnosed?

Answer 21

Dix Hallpike Manuver

Question 22

How is peripheral vertigo treated?

Answer 22

Epley manuver

Question 23

What should you do if a patient has central vertigo?

Answer 23

Refer to ER?

Question 24

What are the only two FDA approved medications for Diabetic Neuropathy?

Answer 24

Duloxetine & Pregabalin

Question 25

What are the 4 “A” cardinal symptoms of Dementia

Answer 25

Agnosia (inability to process sensory information)

Apraxia (loss of voluntary motor skills)

Aphasia

Amnesia (memory loss, confusion, etc)

Question 26

What cranial nerve is affected in bells palsy?

Answer 26

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 27

Bell’s palsy is possibly linked to the activation of what?

Answer 27

HSV virus

Question 28

What are the hallmark signs of Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 28

Unilateral facial droop w/ drooling

Flattening of forehead (unable to wrinkly forehead)

Question 29

what are the complications of Bell’s palsy?

Answer 29

Corneal abrasions and permanent neuro sequel

Question 30

What is the peak age range for the onset of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 30

The peak incidence occurs between 15 and 50 years of age

Question 31

What is Lhermitte’s sign and how does it present in MS?

Answer 31

Lhermitte’s sign is an electric shock-like sensation that radiates from the back of the neck down the spine, often triggered by bending the neck forward.

Question 32

How is Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed?

Answer 32

MS is diagnosed using MRI, which reveals characteristic lesions in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 33

What are common initial symptoms of MS?

Answer 33

Common initial symptoms include optic neuritis (pain and temporary vision loss), fatigue, and heat sensitivity.

Question 34

What typically triggers Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Answer 34

GBS is often triggered by a bacterial or viral infection.

Question 35

What type of muscle weakness is characteristic of GBS?

Answer 35

GBS typically presents with progressive, symmetric muscle weakness.

Question 36

What are the key findings in a CSF analysis for GBS?

Answer 36

CSF analysis in GBS shows elevated protein levels with a normal white blood cell count.

Question 37

What diagnostic tests are used for Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Answer 37

Diagnosis involves CSF analysis and electrodiagnostic studies, such as nerve conduction tests.

Question 38

What is a hallmark feature of Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 38

A hallmark feature is fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.

Question 39

Which muscles are commonly affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 39

MG often affects ocular muscles, bulbar muscles (impacting talking, chewing, and swallowing), limbs, and respiratory muscles.

Question 40

How is Myasthenia Gravis diagnosed?

Answer 40

Diagnosis involves serologic tests for autoantibodies, like AChR antibodies, and electrophysiologic studies.