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ScrubLife Notes / B. Holsbeke Notes - FNP > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

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Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Concerning the eyes, what are Cones responsible for?

A

Color perception
20/20 vision
Sharp vision

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2
Q

Concerning the eyes, what are the Rods responsible for?

A

Help you detect light and shadows, and to see in the dark.

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3
Q

If a pt presents with eye complaints, what should you do first?

A

Always assess their visual acuity first!

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4
Q

What vision test is the gold standard for vision screening?

A

Snellen chart

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5
Q

What vision test assess peripheral vision, one at a time?

A

Visual fields confrontation

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6
Q

What vision test assess for color blindness?

A

Ishihara color test

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7
Q

the snellen chart and visual fields confrontation test both test which cranial nerve?

A

Cranial nerve II (Optic Nerve)

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8
Q

How is the Vision Scoring documented (in what order)

A

Patient score / Normal Score (60/20)

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9
Q

What vision score is considered legally blind?

A

20/200

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10
Q

What is the horizontal or vertical misalignment of the eye called?

A

Strabismus

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11
Q

how do you diagnose strabismus?

A

Cover/Uncover test

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12
Q

At what ages are strabismus considered “normal”

A

4-6 months of age

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13
Q

if strabismus is left untreated, what can happen?

A

permanent vision loss or abnormal vision

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14
Q

what is another term for “lazy eye”

A

amblyopia

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15
Q

what is another term for “cross-eyed”

A

esotropia

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16
Q

During a fundoscopic exam, Retinal VEINS are _____ while Retinal ARTERIES are _____

A

Veins= Larger & darker

Arteries=Thinner & lighter

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17
Q

What should you always see in a fundoscopic exam?

A

RED REFLEX

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18
Q

If you visualize a White Pupillary Reflex during a fundoscopic exam, what could that indicate? and what should you do?

A

Retinoblastoma or congenital cataracts — REFER!

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19
Q

Fundoscopic Exam Findings : Hypertension

(ED KNOWS THAT NICKED WIRES CAUSE FLAMES)

A
  1. Papilledema (bilateral swollen optic discs with blurred edges, elevated IOP – EMERGENCY)
  2. AV Nicking (arteries and veins cross = bulging – reversible with BP control)
  3. Copper wire arteries (arterioles appear red/copper due to thickening – reversible with BP control)
  4. Flame Hemorrhages (Diffuse, brush stroke hemorrhages on the retinal nerve fiber layer)
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20
Q

Fundoscopic Exam Findings: Diabetes

(CLEANING WITH MICRO BLOTS OF COTTON MAKES EVERYTHING LOOK NEW)

A
  1. Micro-aneurysms (small bulges in retinal blood vessels that often leak fluid.
  2. Blot Hemorrhages (dense, red, sharply outlined hemorrhages found deeper in retinal layer)
  3. Cotton Wool Spots (yellow/white fully patches seen on the retina –> underlying vascular insufficiency –> related to DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
  4. Neovascularization ( new, fragile arteries in the retina that rupture and bleed)
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21
Q

Cholesterol eye complaints:
Lipid deposits that appear as gray colored rings/halo around the iris?

A

Arcus Senilis

22
Q

Cholesterol eye complaints:
Sharply demarcated yellow patches on bilateral inner canthus or eyelids.

A

Xanthelasma

23
Q

Pterygium and Pinguecula both results from what?

A

Chronic sun exposure

24
Q

Pterygium OR Pinguecula?

Crossess over cornea
Pink Trinagular shaped spot
Cornea involved
Vision affected

A

Pterygium

25
Q

Pterygium OR Pinguecula?

Does not cross cornea
yellowish raised spot
Cornea not involved
Vision not affected

A

Pinguecula

26
Q

How is vision affected with a Pterygium?

A

can cause an astigmatism

27
Q

Eye emergencies:

Sudden, severe eye pain that feels “firm to the touch” and appears cloudy.

A

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma

28
Q

How is Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma diagnosed? and what is the pt at risk for?

A

Tonometry (measures the IOP)

Permanent vision loss.

29
Q

Eye emergencies:

“Curtain pulled over their eye” with sudden appearance of “floaters”

A

Retinal Detachment

30
Q

What are the s/s of Retinal Detachment?

A

Blurred vision and “flashes of light” (photopsia)

31
Q

What kind of Conjunctivitis:

Serous stringy rope-like drainage.
Cervical chain adenopathy.
Bilateral eye involvement.

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

32
Q

What kind of Conjunctivitis:

Serous drainage.
Preauricular/submadibular lymphadenopathy.
Unilateral presentation.

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

33
Q

What kind of Conjunctivitis:

Purulent drainage.
No lymphadenopathy.
Unilateral presentation.

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

And you treat with Azithromycin

34
Q

what is Iritis?

A

Inflammation of UVEA (iris/ciliary body/choroid – middle layer of eye)

35
Q

What are the s/s of Iritis?

A

Redness, swelling without discharge.

Constricted pupils, photophobia & trouble seeing.

36
Q

What is the treatment for iritis?

A

Steroid eye drops —REFER!

37
Q

Aging eye complaints:

Bilateral vision changes due to myopic shift.

A

Cataracts

38
Q

what do you see when you screen for cataracts?

A

absent red reflex on fundoscopic exam

39
Q

what are the complaints of someone with undiagnosed cataracts?

A

Trouble seeing from a distance & driving at night (glare)
Halos around lights, foggy/blurred vision

40
Q

Aging eye complaints:

Slow or sudden painless loss of central vision.

A

Macular degeneration

41
Q

What is the MUST KNOW fact about Macular Degeneration? and what modifications to ADLs can be made for the patient?

A

it is the leading cause of blindness.

Use larger print!

42
Q

Aging eye complaints:

Gradual loss of your eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects – also known as Farsightedness.

A

presbyopia

43
Q

What is the etiology of a Hordeolum (stye)

A

hair follicle infection/abscess

44
Q

What is the etiology of a Chalazion?

A

Blockage of duct/oil gland

45
Q

Hordeolum or Chalazion?

Gradual onset?

A

Chalazion

46
Q

Hordeolum or Chalazion?

Acute onset?

A

Hordeolum

47
Q

Hordeolum or Chalazion?

EYE PAIN?

A

Hordeolum

48
Q

Hordeolum or Chalazion?

Needs to be referred if persists for over 2 months?

A

Chalazion

49
Q

Wood’s (black) lamp evaluations:

Acute onset of severe eye pain with tearing and light sensitivity?

A

Corneal Abrasion

50
Q

Wood’s (black) lamp evaluations:

HSV infection of the cornea

A

Herpes keratitis

51
Q

Wood’s (black) lamp evaluations:

What would you see under the lamp with Herpes Karatitis?

A

Fern-like lines on corneal surface

52
Q

Corneal abrasions are commonly associated with acute eye trauma from what condition?

A

Bell’s palsy

ScrubLife Notes / B. Holsbeke Notes - FNP (5 decks)

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