Neurology Flashcards
What is the nerve disorder associated with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
DIABETIC AMYOTROPHY
1.Proximal Muscular Wasting, e.g., shoulders and thighs (quadriceps)
2.Severe thigh or leg pain
What should be given to a chronic alcoholic with Confusion, Ataxia, and Squint/ ophthalmoplegia?
IV thiamine.
For WERNICKES ENCEPHALOPATHY
What condition is associated with Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency in chronic alcoholics?
Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
What are the symptoms of Korsakoff’s psychosis?
- Confusion , ataxia , ophthalmoplegia 2. Amnesia (memory loss)
- Confabulation (making up stories).
What would a brain MRI show in a patient with Korsakoff’s psychosis?
Mamillary body atrophy.
What are the symptoms of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in an elderly man?
Gait abnormality, Dementia (behavior changes), Urine urgency ± incontinence, summarized as Wet, Wobbly, Wacky Grandpa.
What would a CT/MRI show in a patient with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
Enlarged ventricles mostly WITHOUT cortical atrophy.
What is the next step after diagnosing Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
Perform lumbar puncture and CSF pressure monitoring.
Then CSF shunting
CN nucleus
1,2 cerebral cortex
3,4 midbrain
5,6,7,8 pons
9,10,11,12 medulla
Wet ( urinary incontinence)
Wobbly (shuffling gait)
Wacky (confused)grandpa
NPH
The wet wobbly and wacky grand pa but with H/o HTN, smoking, TIA
MRI with multiple lacunar old infarcts
VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Old behaviour/ personality changes
Inappropriate comments (sexual)
Disinhibition
Disengaged
Acting on impulse
Overeating
Struggling with word choices
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA
(PICKS DISEASE)
Forgetful elderly
Disoriented
Unable to do simple tasks
CT /MRI - ENLARGED VENTRICLES WITH CORTICAL ATROPHY
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s vs NPH MRI
Both enlarged ventricles
Alzheimer’s with cortical atrophy
NPH without cortical atrophy
