Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Psych Boards > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Symptoms of cerebellar infarct/hemorrhage (4)

A

Dizziness, inability to walk, gaze palsy w/o hemiplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Juvenile Huntington’s dz is ______ dominant from the father

A

Autosomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Med to start on patient with TIA and hypercholesterolemia hx

A

Aspirin (get that anti-platelet therapy started!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CT Scan findings for Huntington’s

A

Diffuse cerebral atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Healthcare worker w/ anisocoria (9 mm dilated) and normal extraocular motility; etiology is usually driven by ____

A

pharmacologic mydriatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common non-heritable genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Trisomy 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If elderly pt on oral rivastigmine has intolerable GI sx (N/V), what would be next step?

A

Switch to transdermal patch of rivastigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Felbamate (AED) causes these adverse side effects which leads to it being a last resort med (2)

A

Liver failure, aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Those with vascular NCD usually sees issues with _____ function earliest in dz course

A

Executive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Klein-Levin Syndrome Sx (3)

A

hypersomnia, aggressive, overly sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx for Klein-Levine Syndrome

A

Modafanil for sleep-wake d/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: All of the cholinesterase inhibitors have been found to be equally effective in the treatment of NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Rivastigmine is hepatically metabolized

A

False. Metabolized through kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Due to drug-drug interactions, galantamine should not be prescribed concurrently with memantine

A

False. Galantamin + Memantine combo is the SOC for AD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MOCA examines this with trails B, cube/clock drawing

A

Executive Functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Repeating 5 words and recalling them after a short period of time tests _____

A

delayed recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Naming as many words that start with a specific letter tests ____

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Serial 7’s tests and spelling world backwards tests this

A

Attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Defining similarities between objects (orange-apple) tests this

A

Abstraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drug that can reduce functional impairment in ALS pt

A

Edaravone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lambert Eaton dx is most commonly associated with this type of cancer

A

small lung cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tends to be spared in Lambert Eaton syndrome as opposed to myasthenia gravis?

A

Cranial nerves (with an exception of a mild ptosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common neuropathy associated with HIV

A

Distal symmetric axonal polyneuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is neonatal cerebral myelination completed?

A

2 years postpartum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regions of the brain most affected by HIV dementia (2)

A

Basal ganglia and hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the hippocampus is most associated with this dx

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx with 14-3-3 protein or tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brain MRI Imaging findings for Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz

A

hyperintensities on FLAIR and T2 weighted images in the cortex, corpus striatum, and putamen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hoover’s sign

A

no counterpressure felt in the physician’s hand under the affected leg while the patient attempts to lift the unaffected leg (psychogenic origin of sx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Syndrome associated with mutation of MECP2 gene on X chromosome

A

Rett Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pt with DM, HTN presenting with 3rd cranial nerve palsy with pupils being spared. Likely dx?

A

Cranial nerve III ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: Posterior communicating artery aneurysm would affect pupillary fibers first.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Syndrome with variable quadriparesis due to compression of the corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts. Upper extremities are more severely involved than the lower extremities, and there is some degree of sensory sparing.

A

Central Cord Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Artery that can be found in the anterior median grove of the pons

A

Basilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Areas of the brain implicated in stimulating urges in patients with pathological gambling (2)

A

Ventral Striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Initial tx for polymyositis

A

High dose oral corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When is IVIG considered for polymyositis?

A

If trial with oral steroids is not effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Stiff person syndrome is associated with these antibodies

A

Anti- glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Stiff person syndrome has a significant association with this medical condition

A

insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In comparison to adolescents with substance use disorders, those with internet addiction have low/high harm avoidance

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Neurocognitive disorder that presents with fluctuating levels of cognitive function

A

Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lewy body dementia can be mistaken for _____

A

Delirium

33
Q

Process by which there is a decreased response to a repeated stimulus over time

A

Habituation

34
Q

Process that enhances the strength of synaptic transmission

A

Facilitation

35
Q

Physical changes in the brain that represent a memory

A

Memory traces or engrams

36
Q

During migraine, platelet serotonin levels dramatically decrease/increase during headache phase while urine levels increase/decrease

A

decrease, increase

37
Q

The cavity of this structure forms the superior part of the fourth ventricle

A

Metencephalon

38
Q

Todd’s paralysis

A

Brief paralysis following a seizure

39
Q

Acetylcholine can go down up to __% in some areas of the brain due to Alzheimer’s Disease

A

90

40
Q

Patient with hypersomnolence and altered behavior during wakefulness in adolescence must be considered for this neurological condition

A

Klein-Levin Syndrome

41
Q

Which neurotransmitter is associated with inhibition of aggression? Dopamine or Glycine

A

Glycine

Dopamine is associated with the INDUCTION of aggresssion

42
Q

Glutamate is a precursor to _____

A

GABA

43
Q

Damage to the MEDIAL frontal lobe region leads to ____

A

An apathy syndrome

44
Q

Damage to the DORSOLATERAL frontal lobe region leads to

A

Extensive executive functioning deficits

45
Q

A lesion to the LEFT prefrontal cortex would lead to this psychiatric symptom

A

Depression (Lesion to the Left Leads to Lack of Laughter)

46
Q

A lesion to the RIGHT prefrontal cortex would lead to this psychiatric symptom

A

Euphoria/laughter

47
Q

The six biogenic amine neurotransmitters

A

H A N D E S
Histamine, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Serotonin

48
Q

3 receptors associated with glutamate

A

NMDA, kainate, AMPA

49
Q

MAO-A degrades ____ and _____

A

serotonin, norepinephrine

50
Q

MAO-B degrades

A

dopamine

51
Q

_____ is an adjunct neurotransmitter for glutamate

A

Glycine

52
Q

The highest concentration of glycine are found in the _____

A

spinal cord

53
Q

Increased dopaminergic activity in the _____ is linked to the development of tics in Tourette’s syndrome

A

Caudate

54
Q

Dopamine is removed from the synaptic cleft primarily by this mechanism

A

Neuronal transport via DAT

55
Q

Synapse formation peaks around ___ years old

A

2

56
Q

NMDA receptors open when bound by 2 ____ molecules, and 1 ___ molecule

A

Glutamate, Glycine

57
Q

Neurotransmitter located in basal forebrain, responsible for memory, attention, and executive functioning

A

Acetylcholine

58
Q

Nucleus basilis of Meynert produces _____

A

Acetylcholine

59
Q

GHB works on the GABA __ receptor

A

B

60
Q

Medial temporal lobe atrophy is associated with these conditions (2)

A

Alzheimer’s disease and depression

61
Q

Where do generalized seizures usually originate

A

Thalamus or other sub cortical structure

62
Q

Inactivation of the ___ channels leads to the absolute refractory period

A

Na+

Prevents another action potential from occurring.

63
Q

In Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, there is minimal ____ apraxia in the early stagess

A

Constructional

Ability to copy a 3 dimensional object

64
Q

Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease could lead to this impulse control disorder

A

Gambling Disorder

65
Q

Off-label med to treat fatigue in patients with MS

A

Amantadine

66
Q

If MS related fatigue is refractory to amantadine, this med is used off-label

A

Modafanil

67
Q

Damage to the hippocampus leads to ____ amnesia

A

Anterograde

68
Q

Damage to the thalamus leads to ___ amnesia

A

Retrograde

69
Q

Assessment tool that has the best sensitivity in detecting mild neurocognitive disorder due to HIV/AIDS

A

MOCA

70
Q

Main limitation of International HIV dementia screen

A

Cannot differentiate between different subtypes of neurocognitive disorders

71
Q

Seizure semiology involving swallowing, salivation, mastication, epigastric aura, and speech arrest, often associated with clonic facial movements, suggests involvement of the this frontal lobe structure

A

operculum

72
Q

The ______, part of the limbic system, is primarily involved in regulating pain and emotion

A

Cingulate gyrus

73
Q

The _______ is involved in planning and coordinating complex movements

A

supplementary motor area

74
Q

The most effective target for DBS in Parkinson’s disease is the ______

A

Subthalamic Nucleus

75
Q

Aβ1-__ is believed more prone to aggregation and possibly more pathogenic in the setting of Alzheimer’s Dz

A

42

76
Q

Long term consequences of Wernicke’s encephalopathy include memory deficits and ___-

A

Heart failure

Thiamine deficiency can lead to wet beriberi

77
Q

Brain MRI findings for CJD (2)

A

basal ganglia hyperintensities and cortical “ribboning” hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging or FLAIR imaging

78
Q

Kleine-Levin Syndrome resolves by the time the patient is in their ____

A

40’s

79
Q

__ ___ are a hallmark of Parkinson’s dz and can be found within neurons on autopsy

A

Lewy bodies

80
Q

A pallidotomy creates a lesion in the ___ ___ ; this is a procedure reserved for patients with Parkinson’s dz to assist with voluntary movement

A

Globus pallidus (helps to reduce tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia)

81
Q

___ deficiency can mimic subacute combined degeneration (weakness, loss of proprioception and vibration). It is most commonly seen in patients who are status post gastric bypass, but can also be seen in those taking excessive amounts of zinc.

A

Copper

82
Q

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome (MTLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome associated with complex partial seizures. It involves the sclerosis of the ____

A

Hippocampus

83
Q

median survival time after symptom onset in patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

A

6 to 11 years

84
Q

The neuroimaging finding of Progressive Nonfluent aphasia is atrophy of the left posterior _____ and ____ regions of the brain.

A

Frontoinsular, perisylvian

85
Q

Right hemispheric anterior temporal atrophy would result in impairments in _____ memory such as music and drawing.

A

Non-verbal

86
Q

Left asymmetric anterior and lateral temporal atrophy is found in semantic dementia type of Lv-FTD in which there is decreased ____ comprehension and object naming.

A

single word

87
Q

Left hemispheric frontoparietal ischemic infarct occurs after left middle cerebral artery stroke leading to right-sided _____ and Broca’s aphasia.

A

motor weakness

88
Q

Best way to confirm Huntington’s Dx

A

PCR

89
Q

After kiddo has breathrough absence sz with ethosuximide, what med next?

A

Depakote

90
Q

Classic tetrad of acalculia, agraphia (without alexia), right and left confusion, and finger agnosia

A

Gerstmann’s Syndrome

91
Q

Cluster headaches normally occur at this time of day

A

Nighttime

92
Q

Abnormal elevalted lvels of ____ is associated with increased risk of stroke in patients under 50

A

homocysteine

93
Q

___ inclusion bodies are most commonly associated with frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease

A

Ubiquitin

Adult Psych Boards (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions