Neurology Flashcards
MS can cause _____________ palsy.
pseudobulbar palsy
What should always be measured in status epilipticus?
Blood glucose
CSF protein in MS
Slightly raised
Diabetes can cause sensory…
ataxia.
What monitors breathing in GBS?
FVC
Thrombolyse in up to __ hours
4.5
Left internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Right nystagmus
TACI involves all of:
sensory/motor
homonymous hemianopia
cerebellar
Which back pain is relieved by bending forward?
Spinal claudication
Left anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct
CN VII
CN VIII
Left posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct
CN III
CN V
Rhomberg
Dorsal column
MND treatment
Riluzole
Parkinson’s with strange movements
Cortico-basal degeneration (CBD)
Isoniazide
b6
Wilson’s treatment
Penicillimine
Meningitis CSF
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Is Parkinson’s symmetrical?
No
Describe multiple system atrophy
hypotension
autonomic dysfunction
symmetrical
encephalitis
behaviour
Campylobacter shape
spiral
diabetes reflexes
reduced
mononeuritis multiplex
pupil-sparing third nerve palsy
Should stroke CT’s use contrast?
No
hereditary spastic paraparesis symptoms
gait
spasticity
hyperreflexia
Initial management for cord compression
Dexamethasone
Long term stroke management
clopidogrel and statin
Mouth reflexes in progressive bulbar palsy
Weak
Charcot Marie Tooth disease causes ________ weakness.
distal
Glucose and CSF in viral infection
Both high
What is the difference between common peroneal nerve palsy and L5 radiculopathy?
No eversion in L5 radiculopathy
Statin dose
80 mg
Friedreich’s ataxia symptoms
Cerebellar
Proprioception
Cardiac hypertrophy
Hemiballismus
Flinging
Hemiballismus is caused by lesions in the…
subthalamic nucleus.
Subdural haemorrhage feels
fine
Lupus can cause
Abdominal swelling
Night sweats
VTEs
L2 function
Hip flexion
L3 function
Knee extension
Optic neuritis disc
Pale
Cervical Myelopathy
LMN signs in upper limbs
UMN signs in lower limbs
Drugs that worsen myasthenia gravis
B blockers
Lithium
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis symptoms
fever
headache
photophobia
rash CN VI palsy
Cancer likely to metastasise to the brain
Small cell lung cancer
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Limb shaking with awareness
Sympathomimetic drugs increase risk of…
hemorrhagic stroke.
DOAC use
A fib
GBS treatment
Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin
Spinal claudication is improved by:
- stooping
- going uphill
ring enhancing lesion
cerebral abscess
Why is labetalol given in hemorrhagic strokes?
Bp control if high
Dabigantran reverser
idarucizumab
Disc herniation pain
bum and outer leg
bupropion is contraindicated in
epilepsy
Investigation for trigeminal neuralgia
MRI
Cranial nerve lesions are ipsilateral, except _________.
trochlear
Do myotonic seizures always involve a loss of consciousness?
No
Extradural haemorrhage treatment
Clot removal and ligation
Subdural haemorrhage treatment
Craniotomy (acute)
Burr hole (chronic)
Ice pack test
🪦
Sumatriptan when the headache
starts
If alteplase has been given, give aspirin in __ hours.
24
Meningitis cef
Cefotaxime
Mannitol uses
brain injuries
raised icp
liver failure
Meralgia paraesthetica
Trapped nerve affects the anterolateral thigh
Jacksonian march
Spreading twitch
ORBIT
Haemorrhage
Intracerebral haemorrhage on CT
Hyperattenuating ventriclesd
Raised icp and blocked sinus
Intracranial venous thrombosis
What should be done immediately for prostate cancer metastasis?
Dexamethasone
Internal Carotid Dissection
Sweating
Neck pain
Horner’s
Sumatriptan increases risk of…
ischaemic stroke.
Are steroids normally used in encephalitis?
No
Nasally
🪦
Tension headache
bilateral tight and tender
Drug that causes seizures
Quinolones
First line treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Definitive diagnosis of CJD
Biopsy
CJD
Prions
CJD symptoms
co-ordination
mood disturbance
muscle spasms
dysphagia
What can help to increase levodopa activity?
Carbidopa
Cortico-basal degeneration
Parkinsons plus affecting one limb
If it’s too late to thrombolyse
Aspirin
Treatment for visual loss in IIH
Optic nerve fenestration
Borrelia burgdorferi
Full face weakness caused by Lyme’s diseased
Central scotoma lesion
Optic nerve
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Morning
Can absence seizures have lip smackng?
Ya
Betahistine
Meniere’s
Migraine sleepy
Which infarction affects the spinothalamic and corticospinal tracts?
Anterior spinal artery
H
Throw
Myoclonic
India ink positive CSF
Cryptococcal meningitis
Antibiotics contraindicated in penicillin allergy
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
No thrombolysis for INR>
1.7
GBS can follow
chest infection.
Which antiemetic worsens Parkinson’s?
Metoclopramide
Arm weakness
MCA
When do you induce hyperventilation?
Raised ICP
Medications causing ototoxicity
Furosemide
Gentamicin
Pancoast anhydrosis
Cerebellar impairment causes ____hidrosis
an
Myasthenia gravis antibodies
tyrosine kinase
Where does mechanical thrombolysis work best?
Proximal middle cerebral artery
HR in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Low
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD)
B12 deficiency
Dry beriberi is a ______________ whereas wet is —____________.
polyneuropathy
heart failure
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Risk factors for Hemorrhagic stroke
Optic neuritis test
MRI w contrast
Is impulsivity caused by dopamine precursors or agonists?
Agonists
Which lifestyle factor increases risk of subdural haemorrhage?
Alcohol
_____________ meds are time critical.
Parkinsons
Charcot Marie Tooth type 1
Demyelinating
Charcot Marie Tooth type 2i
Axons
Infarct causing dizziness and vomiting
Posterior
Choreoathetosis treatment
Tetrabenzine
If stroke CT shows nothing
MRI
Cervical spondylosis
Slow gait
LMN in upper limbs
UMN in lower limbs
Myoclonic jerks
Valproate
Long term stroke management
Clopidogrel
Focal seizure treatment
🍊
Non dominant parietal
Vision
Horners
Sympathetic
Most common cause of CN III palsy
Diabetes
What is used to measure functional outcomes of stroke?
Barthel index
Sudden “cauda equina”
Spinal cord infarction
Spinal cord infarction MRI
swelling and hyperintensities
Give __% glucose for hypoglycaemia.
20
Spinal stenosis is worse on walking…
downstairs.
Leriche syndrome
Aortoiliac occlusion
ALS gene
SOD1
Carotid endartectomy in patients with at least __% stenosis.
70
TIAspirin
Myasthenia gravis complication
Type 2 respiratory failure
If there is difficulty extending, botox should be done on…
flexing muscle.
Investigation for dry Horner’s with shoulder pain
CXR
IIH can be worse on…
bending forwards.
IIH risk factors
moon-faced obese woman trying to treat her acne
Aspirin dose for TIA
300 if starting
75 if continuing
Neiserria Meningitidis prophylaxis
ciprofloxacin 500mg
Autonomic Parkinsons
MSA
higher cortical dysfunction
neglect
Absence seizure treatment
Ethosuximide
Selegeline
Motor fluctuations
Which antiepileptic can cause hepatic dysfunction?
Carbamazepine
Which antiepileptic can cause renal stones?
Topiramate
Corticospinal tract
Ipsilateral
First management of headache
Stop headache meds
White matter hyperintensities on MRI
Vascular dementia
Which smoking cessation drug lowers seizure threshold?
Bupropion
What does long term cART increase the risk of?
Stroke
