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Year 3 extras > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

MS can cause _____________ palsy.

A

pseudobulbar palsy

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2
Q

What should always be measured in status epilipticus?

A

Blood glucose

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3
Q

CSF protein in MS

A

Slightly raised

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4
Q

Diabetes can cause sensory…

A

ataxia.

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5
Q

What monitors breathing in GBS?

A

FVC

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6
Q

Thrombolyse in up to __ hours

A

4.5

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7
Q

Left internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Right nystagmus

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8
Q

TACI involves all of:

A

sensory/motor
homonymous hemianopia
cerebellar

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9
Q

Which back pain is relieved by bending forward?

A

Spinal claudication

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10
Q

Left anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct

A

CN VII
CN VIII

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11
Q

Left posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct

A

CN III
CN V

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12
Q

Rhomberg

A

Dorsal column

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13
Q

MND treatment

A

Riluzole

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13
Q

Parkinson’s with strange movements

A

Cortico-basal degeneration (CBD)

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13
Q

Isoniazide

A

b6

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14
Q

Wilson’s treatment

A

Penicillimine

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15
Q

Meningitis CSF

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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16
Q

Is Parkinson’s symmetrical?

A

No

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17
Q

Describe multiple system atrophy

A

hypotension
autonomic dysfunction
symmetrical

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18
Q

encephalitis

A

behaviour

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19
Q

Campylobacter shape

A

spiral

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20
Q

diabetes reflexes

A

reduced

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21
Q

mononeuritis multiplex

A

pupil-sparing third nerve palsy

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22
Q

Should stroke CT’s use contrast?

A

No

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23
Q

hereditary spastic paraparesis symptoms

A

gait
spasticity
hyperreflexia

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24
Q

Initial management for cord compression

A

Dexamethasone

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25
Q

Long term stroke management

A

clopidogrel and statin

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26
Q

Mouth reflexes in progressive bulbar palsy

A

Weak

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26
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth disease causes ________ weakness.

A

distal

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27
Q

Glucose and CSF in viral infection

A

Both high

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28
Q

What is the difference between common peroneal nerve palsy and L5 radiculopathy?

A

No eversion in L5 radiculopathy

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29
Q

Statin dose

A

80 mg

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29
Q

Friedreich’s ataxia symptoms

A

Cerebellar
Proprioception
Cardiac hypertrophy

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30
Q

Hemiballismus

A

Flinging

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30
Q

Hemiballismus is caused by lesions in the…

A

subthalamic nucleus.

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31
Q

Subdural haemorrhage feels

A

fine

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32
Q

Lupus can cause

A

Abdominal swelling
Night sweats
VTEs

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33
Q

L2 function

A

Hip flexion

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34
Q

L3 function

A

Knee extension

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35
Q

Optic neuritis disc

A

Pale

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36
Q

Cervical Myelopathy

A

LMN signs in upper limbs
UMN signs in lower limbs

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36
Q

Drugs that worsen myasthenia gravis

A

B blockers
Lithium

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37
Q

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis symptoms

A

fever
headache
photophobia
rash CN VI palsy

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38
Q

Cancer likely to metastasise to the brain

A

Small cell lung cancer

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39
Q

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

Limb shaking with awareness

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40
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs increase risk of…

A

hemorrhagic stroke.

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40
Q

DOAC use

A

A fib

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41
Q

GBS treatment

A

Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin

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41
Q

Spinal claudication is improved by:

A
  • stooping
  • going uphill
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41
Q

ring enhancing lesion

A

cerebral abscess

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41
Q

Why is labetalol given in hemorrhagic strokes?

A

Bp control if high

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41
Q

Dabigantran reverser

A

idarucizumab

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41
Q

Disc herniation pain

A

bum and outer leg

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41
Q

bupropion is contraindicated in

A

epilepsy

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42
Q

Investigation for trigeminal neuralgia

A

MRI

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43
Q

Cranial nerve lesions are ipsilateral, except _________.

A

trochlear

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43
Q

Do myotonic seizures always involve a loss of consciousness?

A

No

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44
Q

Extradural haemorrhage treatment

A

Clot removal and ligation

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44
Q

Subdural haemorrhage treatment

A

Craniotomy (acute)

Burr hole (chronic)

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45
Q

Ice pack test

A

🪦

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46
Q

Sumatriptan when the headache

A

starts

47
Q

If alteplase has been given, give aspirin in __ hours.

A

24

48
Q

Meningitis cef

A

Cefotaxime

48
Q

Mannitol uses

A

brain injuries
raised icp
liver failure

49
Q

Meralgia paraesthetica

A

Trapped nerve affects the anterolateral thigh

49
Q

Jacksonian march

A

Spreading twitch

50
Q

ORBIT

A

Haemorrhage

51
Q

Intracerebral haemorrhage on CT

A

Hyperattenuating ventriclesd

51
Q

Raised icp and blocked sinus

A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

51
Q

What should be done immediately for prostate cancer metastasis?

A

Dexamethasone

52
Q

Internal Carotid Dissection

A

Sweating
Neck pain
Horner’s

53
Q

Sumatriptan increases risk of…

A

ischaemic stroke.

54
Q

Are steroids normally used in encephalitis?

A

No

54
Q

Nasally

A

🪦

55
Q

Tension headache

A

bilateral tight and tender

56
Q

Drug that causes seizures

A

Quinolones

56
Q

First line treatment for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

57
Q

Definitive diagnosis of CJD

A

Biopsy

58
Q

CJD

A

Prions

59
Q

CJD symptoms

A

co-ordination
mood disturbance
muscle spasms
dysphagia

60
Q

What can help to increase levodopa activity?

A

Carbidopa

61
Q

Cortico-basal degeneration

A

Parkinsons plus affecting one limb

62
Q

If it’s too late to thrombolyse

A

Aspirin

63
Q

Treatment for visual loss in IIH

A

Optic nerve fenestration

64
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Full face weakness caused by Lyme’s diseased

65
Q

Central scotoma lesion

A

Optic nerve

66
Q

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

Morning

67
Q

Can absence seizures have lip smackng?

A

Ya

67
Q

Betahistine

A

Meniere’s

68
Q

Migraine sleepy

A
69
Q

Which infarction affects the spinothalamic and corticospinal tracts?

A

Anterior spinal artery

69
Q

H

A
70
Q

Throw

A

Myoclonic

71
Q

India ink positive CSF

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

72
Q

Antibiotics contraindicated in penicillin allergy

A

Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

73
Q

No thrombolysis for INR>

A

1.7

74
Q

GBS can follow

A

chest infection.

75
Q

Which antiemetic worsens Parkinson’s?

A

Metoclopramide

75
Q

Arm weakness

A

MCA

75
Q

When do you induce hyperventilation?

A

Raised ICP

75
Q

Medications causing ototoxicity

A

Furosemide
Gentamicin

75
Q

Pancoast anhydrosis

A
75
Q

Cerebellar impairment causes ____hidrosis

A

an

75
Q

Myasthenia gravis antibodies

A

tyrosine kinase

75
Q

Where does mechanical thrombolysis work best?

A

Proximal middle cerebral artery

75
Q

HR in subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Low

75
Q

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD)

A

B12 deficiency

75
Q

Dry beriberi is a ______________ whereas wet is —____________.

A

polyneuropathy

heart failure

76
Q

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A

Risk factors for Hemorrhagic stroke

77
Q

Optic neuritis test

A

MRI w contrast

78
Q

Is impulsivity caused by dopamine precursors or agonists?

A

Agonists

78
Q

Which lifestyle factor increases risk of subdural haemorrhage?

A

Alcohol

78
Q

_____________ meds are time critical.

A

Parkinsons

79
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth type 1

A

Demyelinating

79
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth type 2i

A

Axons

80
Q

Infarct causing dizziness and vomiting

A

Posterior

81
Q

Choreoathetosis treatment

A

Tetrabenzine

82
Q

If stroke CT shows nothing

A

MRI

83
Q

Cervical spondylosis

A

Slow gait
LMN in upper limbs
UMN in lower limbs

84
Q

Myoclonic jerks

A

Valproate

85
Q

Long term stroke management

A

Clopidogrel

86
Q

Focal seizure treatment

A

🍊

87
Q

Non dominant parietal

A

Vision

88
Q

Horners

A

Sympathetic

89
Q

Most common cause of CN III palsy

A

Diabetes

90
Q

What is used to measure functional outcomes of stroke?

A

Barthel index

91
Q

Sudden “cauda equina”

A

Spinal cord infarction

91
Q

Spinal cord infarction MRI

A

swelling and hyperintensities

92
Q

Give __% glucose for hypoglycaemia.

A

20

93
Q

Spinal stenosis is worse on walking…

A

downstairs.

94
Q

Leriche syndrome

A

Aortoiliac occlusion

95
Q

ALS gene

A

SOD1

95
Q

Carotid endartectomy in patients with at least __% stenosis.

A

70

95
Q

TIAspirin

A
95
Q

Myasthenia gravis complication

A

Type 2 respiratory failure

95
Q

If there is difficulty extending, botox should be done on…

A

flexing muscle.

96
Q

Investigation for dry Horner’s with shoulder pain

A

CXR

96
Q

IIH can be worse on…

A

bending forwards.

97
Q

IIH risk factors

A

moon-faced obese woman trying to treat her acne

98
Q

Aspirin dose for TIA

A

300 if starting
75 if continuing

99
Q

Neiserria Meningitidis prophylaxis

A

ciprofloxacin 500mg

100
Q

Autonomic Parkinsons

A

MSA

100
Q

higher cortical dysfunction

A

neglect

100
Q

Absence seizure treatment

A

Ethosuximide

101
Q

Selegeline

A

Motor fluctuations

102
Q

Which antiepileptic can cause hepatic dysfunction?

A

Carbamazepine

103
Q

Which antiepileptic can cause renal stones?

A

Topiramate

104
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Ipsilateral

105
Q

First management of headache

A

Stop headache meds

106
Q

White matter hyperintensities on MRI

A

Vascular dementia

107
Q

Which smoking cessation drug lowers seizure threshold?

A

Bupropion

108
Q

What does long term cART increase the risk of?

A

Stroke

Year 3 extras (10 decks)

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