Neurology Flashcards
what is neuroimaging used for?
confirm/narrow down differentials
surgical planning
treatment response
prognosis
what are the indications for aural radiographs?
chronic otitis
peripheral vestibular syndrome
facial nerve paralysis
horners syndrome
(middle ear disease)
what are some useful views for auricle radiographs??
lateral (but still some superimposition)
open mouth rostral caudal
oblique views
what considerations are important when radiographing the spine?
straight position (use pads under neck…)
take during expiratory phase
take multiple sections to avoid geometric distortion (centre on region of interest)
what views are taken when imaging the spine?
lateral and ventrodorsal
why does the spine need to be imaged in multiple sections?
to avoid geometric distortion
how could the shape of the intervertebral foramina be described?
horses heads
what opacity should the intervertebral foramina be?
soft tissue (nerves, vessels, spinal cord)
what dog breed is known for having mineralised intervertebral discs?
dachshund
what are the two overall causes of aggressive bone lesions?
neoplasia
infections
how can you assess atlanto-axial subluxation?
the dorsal margin of both the axis and atlas should be almost continuous in a straight line
what causes atlanto-axial subluxation?
congenital malformation and excessive laxity of ligaments
when would you not do orthogonal views for a spinal laxation/subluxation?
if you manage to diagnose it on lateral (want to avoid excessive patient movement)
what is discospondylitis?
infection of an intervertebral disc and osteomyelitis of adjacent endplates
how long does it take discospondylitis changes to become apparent on radiographs?
3 weeks (disc changes not visible only when the endplates start to have visible pathology)
