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Imaging (small) > GI tract (Yr 4) > Flashcards

GI tract (Yr 4) Flashcards

1
Q

is the pancreas seen on normal radiographs?

A

no

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2
Q

what is the location of the pancreas?

A

medial to duodenum
between gastric body and transverse colon
medial to spleen and cranial to left kidney

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3
Q

what is the best mode of imaging for the pancreas?

A

ultrasound

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4
Q

what are the features of a mass effect caused by pancreatic enlargement?

A

laterally displaced duodenum
caudal displacement of transverse colon

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5
Q

what area is the oesophagus contained within?

A

mediastinum

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6
Q

what are the features of megaoesophagus on radiographs?

A

segmental/generalised dilation of oesophagus
ventral deviation of trachea
widened mediastinum
trachea-oesophageal stripe (highlighted tracheal/oesophageal walls due to gas within the oesophagus)

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7
Q

what secondary disease are cases with megaoesophagus prone to developing?

A

aspiration pneumonia

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8
Q

what are the predilection sites for oesophageal foreign bodies?

A

thoracic inlet
heart base
cranial to diaphragm/cardia

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9
Q

why are barium studies contraindicated with foreign bodies?

A

often perforated (don’t want barium in body cavity)

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10
Q

what is the best way to image oesophageal foreign bodies?

A

endoscopy or non-ionic iodine contrast

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11
Q

what is the usual position of the stomach on a radiograph?

A

in the costal arch

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12
Q

what are the compartments of the stomach?

A

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric antrum (pylorus)

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13
Q

what are the five layers of the stomach seen on ultrasound?

A

serosa (outside)
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
lumen

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14
Q

what layers of the stomach appear hypoechoic?

A

muscularis and mucosa

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15
Q

what does hypoechoic mean?

A

appears dark on ultrasound

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16
Q

what does hyperechoic mean?

A

appears light on ultrasound

17
Q

what are the two categories of gastric dilation?

A

gas
fluid/gas

18
Q

what are the main causes of gas dilation of the stomach?

A

aerophagia
GD/GDV

19
Q

what are the main causes of fluid/gas dilation of the stomach?

A

pyloric outflow obstruction
functional ileus

20
Q

what causes bizarre gas patterns?

A

trapping of gas in foreign bodies such as toys, textiles or botanical parts

21
Q

what is gastric dilation and volvulus?

A

gas dilation and rotation around the longitudinal axis

22
Q

how does GDV appear on a radiograph?

A

marked gas dilation and dispalement
fundus displaced caudoventrally and right
pylorus displaced craniodorsally and left
compartmentalisation (soft tissue band)

23
Q

what is the appearance of GDV on VD view?

A

fundus on the right (large air bubble)
pylorus on the left (small air bubble)

24
Q

can wall thickness of intestines be assessed on plain radiographs?

A

no, fluid and soft tissue is indistinguishable so you will be imaging the true wall and the fluid in the lumen of the intestine

25
Q

what is the thickest layer of the small intestinal wall?

A

mucosa

26
Q

how does the transverse ultrasound image of the ileum appear?

A

wheel-like appearance

27
Q

what are the two main causes of small intestinal dilation?

A

mechanical obstruction
functional ileus

28
Q

how can you assess the diameter of the small intestine on radiographs?

A

compare in to the height of L5 (should be more than 1.5x this)

29
Q

what is an obstructive pattern of the small intestines?

A

creates two populations of intestine…
abnormal proximal to the obstruction
normal distal to the obstruction

30
Q

what appearance do linear foreign bodies cause on radiographs?

A

bunching/coiling of small intestines with hair-pin bends
teardrop shaped gas bubbles

31
Q

how does intussusception appear on ultrasound?

A

onion ring shape with vessels/blood flow visible within the lumen

32
Q
A

Imaging (small) (5 decks)

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