Neurology

Question 1

Chiari malformation
type 1, 2, 3

Answer 1

downward displacement of cerebellar structures into foramen magnum
-type 1: asymptomatic childhood but as adult can see occipital headache, dizziness or worsening pain with physical activity or valsalva
- type 2: myelomeningocele (bone of spine doesn’t completely form

type 3: encephalocele

Question 2

Chiari malformation type 2

Answer 2

Question 3

chari malfomation type 1

Answer 3

elevated ICP, cranial neuropathy, brainstem compression, myelopathy, cerebellar dysfunction, HA due to syringomyelia and scoliosis

Question 4

chiari malformation type 3

Answer 4

posterior encepalocele:
- saclike protrusion of projection of brain and membranes that cover opening through skull

Question 5

vestibular schwannoma occurs most in

Answer 5

patierns with neurofibramatosis type 2

2 ears so type 2

Question 6

neurofibramatosis type 1

Answer 6

cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, plexiform neurofibromas (sweling under skin)

optic glioma, learning disability, HTN, scoliosis, leukemia

Question 7

Tubero-sclerosis symptoms

Answer 7

HAMAAARTOMAS
Hamartoma ( benign mass of mature cells)
Ashleaf spots
Mind ( intellectual disability
Adenoma Sebaceum renal Angiomyolipoma ,Rhambdomyoma, Tumor Suppressor gne, autosomal dOmiminant
Mitral Regurgitation
Atrocytoma
Seizure, Shagreen patch