Neurological Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

EEE & VEE Genome

A

+ssRNA

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2
Q

EEE & VEE Virion

A

enveloped

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3
Q

EEE & VEE Incubation

A

4-10 days

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4
Q

EEE & VEE Reservoirs

A

Reservoirs are Birds and small mammals

Common vectors are mosquitos and ticks

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5
Q

EEE & VEE Replication

A

In the Cytoplasm

Virus brought into the cell be cell-mediated endocytosis

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6
Q

EEE & VEE Symptoms

A

Chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

These last for 1-2 weeks

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7
Q

EEE & VEE Transmission

A

Introduced through the bite of an infected arthropod
Cells are infected locally and carried by Langerhan cells to LN
Replication and release into the blood stream where the infection spreads to CNS

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8
Q

EEE & VEE Complications

A

Can lead to Encephalitic disease in 5% of cases

  • fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma
  • 1/3 of encephalatic cases die 2-10 days after onset
  • Those who survive can have long term consequences such as seizures, personality disorders, and paralysis
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9
Q

EEE & VEE Prevalence

A

Seen mostly in eastern states

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10
Q

EEE & VEE Prevention

A

A single vaccine is available -TC-83

  • contains live attenuated TC-83 and inactivated C-84
  • only given to at risk military personel and researchers
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11
Q

EEE & VEE Treatment

A

No treatment, just supportive care to make the patient comfortable

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12
Q

West Nile Virus Genome

A

(+)ssRNA

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13
Q

West Nile Virus Virion

A

Enveloped

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14
Q

West Nile Virus Incubation

A

2-14 days

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15
Q

West Nile Virus Replication

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

West Nile Virus Symptoms

A

Most are asymptomatic
Illness occurs in 20% of cases
Fever, headache, malaise

17
Q

West Nile Virus Transmission

A

Bites from infected arthropods

18
Q

West Nile Virus Complications

A

Neuroinvasive in <1% of cases

  • Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors
  • 50% of survivors have Sequelae 12 months later
19
Q

West Nile Virus Prevalence

A

Fairly wide geographic range in the US

20
Q

West Nile Virus Treatment

A

Supportive Care

No antivirals

21
Q

Rabies Genome

A

(-)ssRNA

22
Q

Rabies Virion

A

Enveloped

23
Q

Rabies Incubation

A

30-90 days

24
Q

Rabies Replication

A

Cytoplasm
Genome order dictates abundance of transcripts and protein
Binding of Protein N to RNA triggers genome replication
Frequently produces defective interfering particles

25
Q

Rabies Symptoms

A

Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, malaise, headache
Hydrophobia
Cerebral dysfunction - anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations and insomnia
Once symptoms appear, the disease is nearly always fatal

26
Q

Rabies Transmission

A

Bite of infected animal
15% of bites cause disease; 60% if bite is on the face or head
Reservoirs are bats, skunks, raccoons, and dogs in developing countries

27
Q

Rabies Complications

A

Replicates locally until it finds neurons, then it moves passively in the axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal glia, spinal cord, and brain
Spreads back to the periphery, highly innervated salivary glands, and replicates

28
Q

Rabies Prevention

A

Vaccines available

29
Q

Rabies Treatment

A

Post exposure prophylaxis
-4 doses - immediately, 3, 7, and 14 days after
-Should be administered immediately because it takes a while to develop
Patient should also receive immunoglobulin