Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards by John Fixari

Measles Genome

-ssRNA

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Measles Virion

enveloped

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Measles Replication

In the cytosplasm

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Measles inhibit host immune response by…

Interfering with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

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Measles incubation period

10-14 days

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Measles Symptoms

Syncytia
Kopalik spots
Rash
2-3 days of fever and cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

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Measles Transmission

Aerosol transmission

One of the most contagious diseases known

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Measles Complication

Because there is a host response, there is a risk for opportunistic infections
Blindness in Vitamin A deficient children
Acyute disseminated encephalymyelitis
Subacture sclerosing pancephalitis (rare)

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Measles Prevalence

Was declared eliminated in the US in 2000, but is continually introduced by international travel
222 cases in 2012

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Measles Prevention

MMR vaccine (live attenuated; lifelong immunity)

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Measles Treatment

Providing Vitamin A can reduce severity

No antivirals

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genome

-ssRNA

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Virion

enveloped

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Incubation

4-5 days

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication

Cytoplasm

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Symptoms

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract infections

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Transmition

Inhalation of aerosols

Fomites

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention

No vaccine

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Respiratory Syncytial Treatment

No antivirals

Can be treated by passive immunoprophylaxis

Varicella genome

dsDNA

Varicella virion

enveloped

Varicella incubation

10-21 days

Varicella replication

Occurs in the nucleus

Varicella Symptoms

Rash 1-2 days after infection, and progresses 3-6 days
Rash is on scalp, face, and trunk
Fever, malaise, headache

Varicella Transmision

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Varicella Complications

Usually establishes latent infections that can be reactivated - Shingles

Varicella Prevention

Live attenuated vaccine that gives lifelong immunity

Varicella Treatment

Acyclovir - interferes with genome replication

Poliovirus genome

(+)ssRNA

Poliovirus Virion

Non-enveloped

Poliovirus Repliation

Occurs in the cytoplasm

Poliovirus Symptoms

Limp | Respiratory paralysis

Poliovirus Transmission

Ingestion of material containing the virus

Poliovirus Prevalence

In endemic areas such that infections are most common in naive children (Not the US) Targeted for eradication

Poliovirus Prevention

There are 2 vaccines: Salk (killed) Sabin (live attenuated)

What's the difference between the 2 poliovirus vaccines?

Salk - killed; only antibody response | Sabin - live attenuated; both antibody and cell-mediated immunity

Poliovirus Treatment

No antivirals

Rotavirus Genome

dsRNA

Rotavirus Virion

nonenveloped

Rotavirus Incubation

2 days

Rotavirus Replication

In the cytoplasm - mRNA gets excreted to serve as the template

Rotavirus Symptoms

Vomitting, fever, diarrhea | Most severe in babies 6-24 months

Rotavirus Transmission

Ingesting material containing the virus (fecal-oral)

Rotavirus Prevention

Vaccines - RotaTeq, or Rotarix | Hygeine - hand washing

Rotavirus Treatment

Oral rehydration