neurological infectious disease Flashcards
what does neurotropic virus commonly cause
What disease can become a neurotrophic virus
AIDS
Lyme disease
What can treat aids
HAART highly active anti0retroviral
what is caused by JC virus? what type of population will have JC virus active?
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy: immunosuppresed patients
what drug can activate that latent virus of Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
Tysabri drug–alters immune system
what is the most common fungal infection
other possible causes
cryptococcosis
contaminated steroids
what are the spirochete infections
Lyme Neuroborreliosis, Neurosyphillis
which spirochete infection is due to tick vector vs sexually transmitted
Lyme neuroborreliosis: tick
Neurosyphilis:sexually transmitted
which disease has tabes dorsalis symptom
Neurosyphilis; it knocks out dorsal column spinal cord:
Tabes dorsalis: dorsal column demyelination
position sense, vibration,–loss sense in pace
vestibular and vision takes over spatial sense
which disease has multiple cyst/calcified lesions in brain and meninges with Larvae Taenia solium (pig tape worm)
Cerebral cysticercosis
what disease came from mad cow disease
Prion disease: bovine spongiform encephalopathy
what is the main transmission for prion disease? What is it resistant to
what does it cause?
90% sporadic; resistant to heat and radiation therapy
dementia, spastic paralysis
what does Botulinum cause
blocks ACh receptors: presynaptic
does NOT invade cns directly but paralysis of motor and autonomic nerves: prominent craniall nerve involvement
what is the end result for leprosy
toxic manifestation to brain
Ebola symptoms/what is Ebola stemmed from
how long goes it take to become symptomatic
rNA virus
fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, ab pain
unexplained bleeding
95% can be symptomatic by 21 days
70% death rate
what is the most common cause for post-polio syndrome
dying alpha motor neurons
NO evidence of reactivation of poliomyelitis
what is the main cause of meningitis? 2ndary cause?
main cause: infection/inflammation
2ndary: invasion of blood vessels and brain parenchya
what is the most common cause of viral meningitis
enterovirus
what is the most common spread of bacterial meningitis?
Hematologic spread through direct extension occurs with bacteria from sinuses, nose, ear leading to brain
what should you do first before giving antibiotics to bacterial meningitis patient
do spinal tap beforehand to confirm and identify organism!!
where should spinal tap be given
areas around L3-L5; will not get paralyzed from spinal tap
what do you use to identify virus
PCR, not culture
tx for bacterial meningitis
vancomycin + cephalosporin
cause of tuberculosis meningitis
dx?
rupture of tubercle into CSF–>heaache, cognitive dysfunction, weightloss
Dx:
Brain scan,CSF, brain/meningeal biopsy, PCR for virus
generally subacute and 2ndary infection.
if you see ziehl: neelsen stain, indicates what
leprosy
