neuro review

Question 1

the loss of what nerve can form the stocking and glove pattern

Answer 1

long peripheral nerve

Question 2

what happens with spinal shock

Answer 2

there will be inital hypotonia/flaccid weakness/paralysis. overtime the it becomes a spastic weakness/paraylsis

Question 3

is spastic weakness an uMN or LMN lesion

Answer 3

UMN lesion

Question 4

loss of proprioception and discriminative touch and vibratoryr sense is damaged where on spinal cord?

Answer 4

damage to dorsal column

Question 5

Damage of what cause loss of sensation ipsilaterally

Answer 5

spinal cord lesion

Question 6

damage to what cause loss of sensation contralaterally

Answer 6

thalamus

Question 7

is posterior limb of internal capsule of somatosensory cortex ipsilateral or contralateral to loss of sensory?

Answer 7

contralateral

Question 8

which part of the spinal cord carries somatosensory fibers vs nociceptive fibers

Answer 8

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus: somatosensory

Anterolateral system: nociceptive and thermoceptive

Question 9

where does pain fibers cross

Answer 9

spinal cord and ascends contralaterally

Question 10

midline lesion of SC cause what for nociception

Answer 10

bilateral loss of pain and temp at level of lesion

Question 11

spinal lesion of one side of cord will cause what to nociception

Answer 11

contralateral loss of pain and temp

Question 12

Brown sequard syndrome

Answer 12

HEMISECTION of SC: loss of DC sensation IPSILATERAL to lesion, but contralateral pain and temp to lesion

Question 13

Parietal Neglect syndrome

Answer 13

result of lesion to non dominant hemiphere (ex. lesion of right hemisphere causes left-side neglect)

Question 14

UMN lesion symptoms of face muscles

Answer 14

LMN symptoms ipsilateral to lesion

UMN lesion symptoms contralateal to lesion

Question 15

lateral corticospinal tract lesion

Answer 15

contralateral muscle weakness and hypotonia

do not cause complete upper motor neuron syndrome–>do not cause spasticity

Question 16

lesion of spinal cord effects on UMN

Answer 16

UMN symptoms ipsilateral muscles innervated by level below lesion

Question 17

which fibers are tactile sensation, two point discrimination, vibratory sensation, proprioception

Answer 17

large fibers (myelinated, fast)

Question 18

fibers for sharp, fast pain

Answer 18

Group III or Adelta

Question 19

slow burning pain

Answer 19

group IV or C : smallest slowest unmyelinated

Question 20

Encephalin

Answer 20

endogenous opioids that can inhibit nociception to prevent pain transmission

Question 21

hemiparesis; paraparesis; quadriparesis

Answer 21

hemi: weakness both arm and leg on same side; para: both arms or both legs; quadriparesis: all four limbs

Question 22

lead pipe rigidity vs cogwheel

Answer 22

state of stiffness and inflexibility that remain uniform throughout range of passive movement: lead pipe

cogwheel:increase muscle tone or rigidity; infelxibility or stiffness

Question 23

where is the lesion for parkinson’s disease

Answer 23

basal ganglia

Question 24

pathophysiology of parkinson

Answer 24

degeneration of dopaminergic projection to striatum from substantia nigra

Question 25

nerve pressure palsy affects which fibers 1st?

Answer 25

large nerve fibers affected first so lose proprioception

Question 26

damage to the right dorsal column would cause loss of prorioception/touch/vibration in which foot?

damage to right thalamus?

Answer 26

right foot: dorsal column

Thalamus: left foot

Question 27

stereognosis and graphesthesis is lost to ipsilatearl or contralateral to lesion to:

somatosensor cortex, thalamus, medial lemniscus, dorsal column

Answer 27

dorsal column: ipsilateral

the rest: contralateral

Question 28

where does pain and temp cross?

Answer 28

in spinal cord

Question 29

what control fine control of muscle

Answer 29

motor units: activation of motor units are all or none

Question 30

Botulism vs myasthenia gravis damage occurrence

Answer 30

presynaptic: botulism
postsynaptic: myasthenia gravis

Question 31

what are the signs of muscle denervation? UMN or LMN lesion?

Answer 31

profound atrophy, fasciculation, fibrillation ; LMN lesion

Question 32

which tract is the origin of motor components

Answer 32

corticospinal tract

Question 33

transection below cervical level bu above lumbar enlargement

Answer 33

paraplegia

Question 34

high cervical level lesion

Answer 34

quadriplegia

Question 35

brainst stem lesion: crossed paralysis

Answer 35

LMN lesion ipsilateral to lesion; UMN lesion symptoms contralateral lesion

Question 36

Vestibulocerbellum lesion

Answer 36

disturbance fo equilibrium and eye movement control

Question 37

spinocerebellum lesion

Answer 37

problem in control of leg movement persist when patient is supine

Anterior lobe damage in long-term alcoholism can cause difficulty walking

Question 38

Cerebellar lesion

Answer 38

dysmetria, hypermetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor, symptoms ipsilateral to cerebellar lesion

Question 39

huntingtons disease symptoms

Answer 39

dementia

chorea: involunatary movement, brief, sudden, random twitch

voluntary movement slower than normal

Question 40

which cerebral artery supplies foot?

Answer 40

anterior cerebral artery

Question 41

Brodman area 4; which gyrus

Answer 41

Primary motor cortex; precentral gyrus

Question 42

BA6

Answer 42

lateral and medial premotor cortexes

Question 43

Postcentral gyrus is which cortex

Answer 43

somatosensory cortex

Question 44

what are the motor areas in the cingulate gyrus

Answer 44

Rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas

Question 45

lateral corticospinal tract

lesion?

Answer 45

mainly fine control and distral extremities and coarse regulation of proximal flexors

lose fine control of digits; cannot perform individual movements of digits