neuro review Flashcards
the loss of what nerve can form the stocking and glove pattern
long peripheral nerve
what happens with spinal shock
there will be inital hypotonia/flaccid weakness/paralysis. overtime the it becomes a spastic weakness/paraylsis
is spastic weakness an uMN or LMN lesion
UMN lesion
loss of proprioception and discriminative touch and vibratoryr sense is damaged where on spinal cord?
damage to dorsal column
Damage of what cause loss of sensation ipsilaterally
spinal cord lesion
damage to what cause loss of sensation contralaterally
thalamus
is posterior limb of internal capsule of somatosensory cortex ipsilateral or contralateral to loss of sensory?
contralateral
which part of the spinal cord carries somatosensory fibers vs nociceptive fibers
Dorsal column-medial lemniscus: somatosensory
Anterolateral system: nociceptive and thermoceptive
where does pain fibers cross
spinal cord and ascends contralaterally
midline lesion of SC cause what for nociception
bilateral loss of pain and temp at level of lesion
spinal lesion of one side of cord will cause what to nociception
contralateral loss of pain and temp
Brown sequard syndrome
HEMISECTION of SC: loss of DC sensation IPSILATERAL to lesion, but contralateral pain and temp to lesion
Parietal Neglect syndrome
result of lesion to non dominant hemiphere (ex. lesion of right hemisphere causes left-side neglect)
UMN lesion symptoms of face muscles
LMN symptoms ipsilateral to lesion
UMN lesion symptoms contralateal to lesion
lateral corticospinal tract lesion
contralateral muscle weakness and hypotonia
do not cause complete upper motor neuron syndrome–>do not cause spasticity
lesion of spinal cord effects on UMN
UMN symptoms ipsilateral muscles innervated by level below lesion
which fibers are tactile sensation, two point discrimination, vibratory sensation, proprioception
large fibers (myelinated, fast)
fibers for sharp, fast pain
Group III or Adelta
slow burning pain
group IV or C : smallest slowest unmyelinated
Encephalin
endogenous opioids that can inhibit nociception to prevent pain transmission
hemiparesis; paraparesis; quadriparesis
hemi: weakness both arm and leg on same side; para: both arms or both legs; quadriparesis: all four limbs
lead pipe rigidity vs cogwheel
state of stiffness and inflexibility that remain uniform throughout range of passive movement: lead pipe
cogwheel:increase muscle tone or rigidity; infelxibility or stiffness
where is the lesion for parkinson’s disease
basal ganglia
pathophysiology of parkinson
degeneration of dopaminergic projection to striatum from substantia nigra
nerve pressure palsy affects which fibers 1st?
large nerve fibers affected first so lose proprioception
damage to the right dorsal column would cause loss of prorioception/touch/vibration in which foot?
damage to right thalamus?
right foot: dorsal column
Thalamus: left foot
stereognosis and graphesthesis is lost to ipsilatearl or contralateral to lesion to:
somatosensor cortex, thalamus, medial lemniscus, dorsal column
dorsal column: ipsilateral
the rest: contralateral
where does pain and temp cross?
in spinal cord
what control fine control of muscle
motor units: activation of motor units are all or none
Botulism vs myasthenia gravis damage occurrence
presynaptic: botulism
postsynaptic: myasthenia gravis
what are the signs of muscle denervation? UMN or LMN lesion?
profound atrophy, fasciculation, fibrillation ; LMN lesion
which tract is the origin of motor components
corticospinal tract
transection below cervical level bu above lumbar enlargement
paraplegia
high cervical level lesion
quadriplegia
brainst stem lesion: crossed paralysis
LMN lesion ipsilateral to lesion; UMN lesion symptoms contralateral lesion
Vestibulocerbellum lesion
disturbance fo equilibrium and eye movement control
spinocerebellum lesion
problem in control of leg movement persist when patient is supine
Anterior lobe damage in long-term alcoholism can cause difficulty walking
Cerebellar lesion
dysmetria, hypermetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor, symptoms ipsilateral to cerebellar lesion
huntingtons disease symptoms
dementia
chorea: involunatary movement, brief, sudden, random twitch
voluntary movement slower than normal
which cerebral artery supplies foot?
anterior cerebral artery
Brodman area 4; which gyrus
Primary motor cortex; precentral gyrus
BA6
lateral and medial premotor cortexes
Postcentral gyrus is which cortex
somatosensory cortex
what are the motor areas in the cingulate gyrus
Rostral and caudal cingulate motor areas
lateral corticospinal tract
lesion?
mainly fine control and distral extremities and coarse regulation of proximal flexors
lose fine control of digits; cannot perform individual movements of digits
