neurological examinations in risky babies

Question 1

steps of examinations

Answer 1

anamnesis
observation
general physical examination
head examination
cranial nerve examination
motor system inspection
reflex development examination

Question 2

what percentile is characterized as small for gestation age

Answer 2

10

Question 3

appropriate for gestation age [AGA]

Answer 3

10 - 90 percentile

Question 4

LGA

Answer 4

above 90 percentile

Question 5

min and max birth weigh

Answer 5

2500g to 4000g

Question 6

what is seizure

Answer 6

a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in brain

Question 7

what normal head circumference for babies

Answer 7

33 to 37 cm = 35cm

Question 8

what considered to be when head circumference is less than 33cm

Answer 8

microcephaly

Question 9

what hydrocephalus

Answer 9

circumference of above 37cm

Question 10

what’s craniosynostosis

Answer 10

abnormal head structure due to premature closure of all sutures

Question 11

what is scaphocephally

Answer 11

happen due to premature closure of sagittal suture and lead to long and narrow head

Question 12

what happen when coronal suture prematurely closes

Answer 12

plagiocephaly which causes asymmetrical head

Question 13

what can cause short and wide head

Answer 13

brachiocephaly [ premature closure of two cranial suture]

Question 14

what is congenital torticollis

Answer 14

it is when head is always kept on one side and will not turn due to hematoma in SCM

Question 15

Arm recoil test

Answer 15

sudden extension and release of arms after holding them in flexion
+if the hands stay extended
hypotonia
brachial plexus paralyses

Question 16

scarf sign

Answer 16

used to evaluate tone of the shoulder.
+when elbow doesn’t cross or cross the midline.
when goes beyond indicates hypotonic.

Question 17

popliteal angle

Answer 17

angle between thigh and leg
for hamstring evaluation
normal 90-120
hypotonia above 120
hypertonia below 90

Question 18

vertical suspension

Answer 18

performed with baby being hold from the trunk under armpit and brought to standing position.
-hypotonic babies shows drop heads and legs hangs down
-hypertonic babies stretches backward like arc

Question 19

newborn reflexes

Answer 19

Moro Reflex (6 months)
 Grasp (Palmar/Plantar) Reflexes (4-6 months/9-12
months)
 Rooting Reflex (4 months)
 Sucking Reflex (4 months)
 Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex(4 months)
 Stepping Reflex (3-4 months)
Babinski Reflex (1 year