Neurological Disorders

Question 1

Conduction aphasia

Answer 1

Damage to the arcuate fasciculus which connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

Inability to repeat what one has just heard and to name familiar objects without a loss of comprehension

Question 2

Anomic aphasia

Answer 2

Impaired ability to retrieve and label semantic concepts

Question 3

Transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 3

If damage isolates Broca’s only

Nonfluent, effortful speech, lack of spontaneous speech, anomia with unimpaired repetition or comprehension

Question 4

Transcortical aphasias

Answer 4

Caused by lesions outside Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas that disconnect these areas from other brain regions.

Question 5

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 5

When damage isolates Wernicke’s only

Deficits in comprehension, anomia, and fluent (but meaningless speech) with unimpaired repetition

Question 6

Astereognosis

Answer 6

AKA tactile agnosia

Inability to recognize objects by touching and feeling them

Question 7

Aphagia

Answer 7

Refusal to eat

Often related to damage to lateral hypothalamus

Question 8

Ataxia

Answer 8

Impairment in the direction, extent, and rate of muscular movement

Often caused by cerebellar pathology

Question 9

Apraxia

Answer 9

Impairment in the ability to begin and execute skilled voluntary movements without muscle paralysis

Question 10

Asomatognosia

Answer 10

Failure to recognize parts of one’s own body

Question 11

Anosognosia

Answer 11

Unawareness of one’s neurological deficit or psychiatric condition (e.g., patient denies paralysis in left leg)