Neurological disorders Flashcards
traumatic brain injuries
produce time dependent retrograde amnesia
open head injuries
closed head injuries
closed head injury
coup and countercoup
hematoma - blood trapped produces
edema - accumulation of fluid
-> exerting pressure on surrounding structures
stroke / cerebral vascular accident
sudden onset of neurological disorder due to disturbance in vascularization
cerebral ischemia
bloodless - shortage of blood
hippocampus is very sensitive to this
thrombosis
cholesterol on blood vessel wall
ischemia
leads to embolism
infarction
area of dead or dying tissue resulting from an obstruction of the blood vessels
- most often affects MCA in LH
- creates EDEMA -> exerts pressure on the brain
migraine stroke
constriction of blood vessels
commonly affects PCA
may lead to infarctions and permanent neurological deficits
bleeding / heamorrhage
- > aneurysm
- > epidural haematoma
aneurysm = thinning of blood vessel wall
- leads to swelling due to blood pressure = hypertension
- high risk for bleeding / aneurysm - rupture
epidural haematoma = bleeding between skull and dura mater
necrosis
dead brain tissue
70% of CVA in the middle cerebral artery
mostly affects ARMS / HANDS / FACE
CVA in anterior cerebral artery
mostly affects LEGS
stroke patients are spastic
disinhibition of motor systems
- > flexion of arm
- > extension of legs
hyper reflexion
BABINSKI -> primitive reflexes reappear
glioma
from glial cells + infiltrate the brain substance
meningiomas
attached to the meninges
metastatic
established by a transfer of tumor cells from some region of the body
