Neurological & Developmental Disorders

Question 1

Non-progressive brain damage affecting movement and coordination.

Answer 1

Cerebral Palsy

Baclofen / Diazepam – for spasticity

Anticonvulsants – if seizures Collaborative:

PT/OT/Speech therapy

Orthopedics, neurologist

Support groups, special education plans

Question 2

Absence of nerve cells in the colon causing severe constipation.

Answer 2

Hirschsprung’s Disease

IV fluids, rectal irrigations pre-op

Antibiotics if enterocolitis Collaborative:

Pediatric surgery for resection

Stoma care if temporary colostomy

Nutrition support

Question 3

Functional bowel disorder with cramping and irregular bowel movements.

Answer 3

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Antispasmodics (e.g., hyoscine)

Laxatives / Anti-diarrheals Collaborative:

GI referral

Psych referral for stress-related symptoms

Dietitian: FODMAP diet guidance

Question 4

Inflammation of a congenital pouch in the intestine.

Answer 4

Meckel’s Diverticulitis

IV antibiotics – for infection

Analgesics Collaborative:

Surgical consult for resection

Imaging (Technetium scan)

Question 5

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting any GI tract part.

Answer 5

Crohn’s Disease

Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)

Azathioprine / Methotrexate

Biologics (e.g., infliximab) Collaborative:

GI specialist

Nutritionist for growth monitoring

Psychosocial support

Question 6

Telescoping of one part of the intestine into another, causing obstruction.

Answer 6

Intussusception

IV fluids, pain management

Antibiotics – prophylactic before surgery Collaborative:

Radiology for air/barium enema

Pediatric surgery