ENT and Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Inflammation of the tonsils, usually viral or bacterial.

Answer 1

Tonsillitis

Amoxicillin / Penicillin V – for bacterial cases

Acetaminophen / Ibuprofen – fever/pain Collaborative:

ENT referral if recurrent

Throat culture or rapid strep test with lab

Question 2

Middle ear infection, common in children.

Answer 2

Otitis Media

Amoxicillin – first-line treatment

Ibuprofen / Acetaminophen – pain/fever Collaborative:

Audiology referral if hearing issues

ENT referral for recurrent cases or tympanostomy tubes

Question 3

Inflammation of bronchial tubes, causing cough and mucus.

Answer 3

Bronchitis

Bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol) – for wheezing

Antibiotics – if bacterial (amoxicillin-clavulanate)

Mucolytics / Antitussives Collaborative:

Pulmonologist if chronic

Chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia

Question 4

Infection of the lungs, can be viral, bacterial, or fungal.

Answer 4

Pneumonia

IV or oral antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone, azithromycin)

Antipyretics

O2 therapy if needed Collaborative:

CXR for diagnosis

Pulmonology consult for severe/complicated cases

Question 5

Chronic airway inflammation with wheezing and shortness of breath.

Answer 5

Asthma

Short-acting beta agonists (SABA): Salbutamol

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): Budesonide

Montelukast – leukotriene receptor antagonist Collaborative:

Spirometry with pulmonologist

Educate on inhaler use and avoidance of triggers

Question 6

Severe lung inflammation and fluid buildup, causing respiratory failure.

Answer 6

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

IV antibiotics – if sepsis/infection present

Sedatives/paralytics for ventilator support

Diuretics – if fluid overload suspected Collaborative:

ICU management

Intubation and mechanical ventilation team

Respiratory therapist for vent settings