Neurological Correlates Flashcards
Define redundancy
Servicing of motor,sensory and cognitive functions through more than one neural pathway
Cognitive functions that control complex, goal-directed thought and behaviour
Executive functions
The registration of physical stimuli from the environment by sensory organs
Sensation
The interpretation of sensations
Perception
Methods used to process information unconsciously
Preattentive processes
Methods used to process information consciously
Attentive Processes
Detection and discrimination of relevant stimuli
Sensory filtration
The smallest amount of stimulus detectable 50% of the time
Absolute threshold
The smallest amount of stimulus detectable between two different stimuli 50% of the time
Just noticeable difference
Tendency of senses o get used to stimuli and cease to respond
Sensory adaptation
What is Cocktail party effect
Ability to focus on important data while filetring unimportant data
Fleeting, shot-lived mental representations which may be conceptual, idea-like, picture-like, vivid, vague, etc
Thots
The way a person puts together ideas and associations
Thought process
The trilogy in mental disorders
- Cognition
- Emotion
- Motivation
Area regulating working memory
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Area regulating attention
Prefrontal cortex-parietal cortex
Area regulating emotion
Medial prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala
Area regulating motivation
Ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex
Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain, consisting of the brainstem and cerebellum, controlling vital functions e.g. heart rate,
Reptilian brain (brainstem and cerebellum)
Integrates sensory input with emotional responses
Thalamus
Regulates movements of skeletal muscles
Subthalamus
Stimulates immune system and regulates body rhythms
Epithalamus
Records memories, responsible for emotions, consists of the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus
Limbic system (mammalian brain)
The least plastic part of the brain
Emotion
The time between onset of an emotion and conscious awareness of it
Refractory period
Integrates recent memory, influences sexual activity and biologic rhythms
Olfactory system
Processes fear response, pleasure, involved in memory consolidation, integrates sensory and cognitive input
Amygdala
Processes relational and configural learning, long-term declarative memory, spatial information processing, Context-dependent learning and memory
Hippocampus
ANS integration centre, regulates sleep, thirst, temperature, etc
Hypothalamus
Responsible for development of human language, abstract thought, imagination, and consciousness
Neocortex
Pathways for processing of fearful/emotional stimuli
- From high-level cortical regions to amygdala
2. From senses through subcortical regions to amygdala
The process by which an organism gains knowledge or becomes aware of events or objects in the environment and the use of knowledge for comprehension and problem-solving
Cognition
Conscious memory for people, objects and places, immediately accessible
Declarative (explicit) memory
Heterogeneous set of preserved abilities, includes skill and habit learning, conditioning, priming; not immediately accessible
Procedural (implicit) memory
Function of sensory cortices involving recognition of recently encountered stimuli
Priming
Kinds of memory
- Episodic sequentially time-linked memory
- Semantic: meanings, understandings, concept-based knowledge
- Working: Information used for a short period of time in order to complete a task
- Associative: long-term info storage
Establishment and maintenance of an awake state
Arousal
Components of brain plasticity
- Critical period: timing of environmental input
2. Activity-dependent changes: exposure to bioenvironmental influences causes brain changes
