Neurological Correlates

Question 1

Define redundancy

Answer 1

Servicing of motor,sensory and cognitive functions through more than one neural pathway

Question 2

Cognitive functions that control complex, goal-directed thought and behaviour

Answer 2

Executive functions

Question 3

The registration of physical stimuli from the environment by sensory organs

Answer 3

Sensation

Question 4

The interpretation of sensations

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

Methods used to process information unconsciously

Answer 5

Preattentive processes

Question 6

Methods used to process information consciously

Answer 6

Attentive Processes

Question 7

Detection and discrimination of relevant stimuli

Answer 7

Sensory filtration

Question 8

The smallest amount of stimulus detectable 50% of the time

Answer 8

Absolute threshold

Question 9

The smallest amount of stimulus detectable between two different stimuli 50% of the time

Answer 9

Just noticeable difference

Question 10

Tendency of senses o get used to stimuli and cease to respond

Answer 10

Sensory adaptation

Question 11

What is Cocktail party effect

Answer 11

Ability to focus on important data while filetring unimportant data

Question 12

Fleeting, shot-lived mental representations which may be conceptual, idea-like, picture-like, vivid, vague, etc

Answer 12

Thots

Question 13

The way a person puts together ideas and associations

Answer 13

Thought process

Question 14

The trilogy in mental disorders

Answer 14

1. Cognition
2. Emotion
3. Motivation

Question 15

Area regulating working memory

Answer 15

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 16

Area regulating attention

Answer 16

Prefrontal cortex-parietal cortex

Question 17

Area regulating emotion

Answer 17

Medial prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala

Question 18

Area regulating motivation

Answer 18

Ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex

Question 19

Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain, consisting of the brainstem and cerebellum, controlling vital functions e.g. heart rate,

Answer 19

Reptilian brain (brainstem and cerebellum)

Question 20

Integrates sensory input with emotional responses

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

Regulates movements of skeletal muscles

Answer 21

Subthalamus

Question 22

Stimulates immune system and regulates body rhythms

Answer 22

Epithalamus

Question 23

Records memories, responsible for emotions, consists of the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus

Answer 23

Limbic system (mammalian brain)

Question 24

The least plastic part of the brain

Answer 24

Emotion

Question 25

The time between onset of an emotion and conscious awareness of it

Answer 25

Refractory period

Question 26

Integrates recent memory, influences sexual activity and biologic rhythms

Answer 26

Olfactory system

Question 27

Processes fear response, pleasure, involved in memory consolidation, integrates sensory and cognitive input

Answer 27

Amygdala

Question 28

Processes relational and configural learning, long-term declarative memory, spatial information processing, Context-dependent learning and memory

Answer 28

Hippocampus

Question 29

ANS integration centre, regulates sleep, thirst, temperature, etc

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 30

Responsible for development of human language, abstract thought, imagination, and consciousness

Answer 30

Neocortex

Question 31

Pathways for processing of fearful/emotional stimuli

Answer 31

1. From high-level cortical regions to amygdala | 2. From senses through subcortical regions to amygdala

Question 32

The process by which an organism gains knowledge or becomes aware of events or objects in the environment and the use of knowledge for comprehension and problem-solving

Answer 32

Cognition

Question 33

Conscious memory for people, objects and places, immediately accessible

Answer 33

Declarative (explicit) memory

Question 34

Heterogeneous set of preserved abilities, includes skill and habit learning, conditioning, priming; not immediately accessible

Answer 34

Procedural (implicit) memory

Question 35

Function of sensory cortices involving recognition of recently encountered stimuli

Answer 35

Priming

Question 36

Kinds of memory

Answer 36

1. Episodic sequentially time-linked memory 2. Semantic: meanings, understandings, concept-based knowledge 3. Working: Information used for a short period of time in order to complete a task 4. Associative: long-term info storage

Question 37

Establishment and maintenance of an awake state

Answer 37

Arousal

Question 38

Components of brain plasticity

Answer 38

1. Critical period: timing of environmental input | 2. Activity-dependent changes: exposure to bioenvironmental influences causes brain changes