Neurological and sensory disorders 13 Flashcards
Asymetrical tonic neck reflex or fencing reflex-birth
extends arm and leg towards direction head is pointed when laying flat on back
Palmar grasp reflex- birth
involuntary grasp when pressure on palm
Placing reflex-birth
if held upright and foot touches firm surface, they withdraws feet
moro/startle reflex- birth
back arches, arms flex and move away from body and return, often cries
blinking-birth
puff of air- infant closes eyes
babinski sign- birth
when sole of foot is stroked toes fan out
rooting- birth
cheek touched, turns head towards
stepping- birth
held upright will move in stepping motion if lowered to surface
swimming reflex- birth
facedown in water- coordinated swimming movement
sucking reflex- birth
automatic sucking if object touches mouth
parachute- 10m
when the child is held upright and the baby’s body is rotated quickly to face forward (as in falling). The baby will extend their arms forward as if to break a fall, even though this reflex appears long before the baby walks.
Traction- 5m
when pulled to sitting by hands, infant resists and raises head
trunk righting- 8m
when sitting if pushed lightly the trunk will flex and arm extends away from force
head righting 4m
when gently swayed side to side vertically, head remains verticle
Disruptions in the neurological development of infants factors
Genetic Metabolic Infectious Trauma Degenerative disorders Anatomic brain malformations
Disruptions in the neurological development of infants Associated conditions include:
Seizures
Sensory impairments
Problems with physical growth
Psychiatric and behavioral disorders
Developmental delay
descriptive term, not a specific diagnosis, and is used for situations in which the child is not meeting age-appropriate milestones as expected in one or more areas of development
Types of developmental delays may include:
An individual milestone
Mixed milestones
Global developmental delay in which all milestones are delayed
evaluating a child with a suspected neurological disorder general history
Detailed medical and social history of the child
History of the mother’s pregnancy, labor, and delivery
Child’s birth history
General health of the child
Concerns regarding behavior
Social history
Parenting variations
Socioeconomic issues
evaluating a child with a suspected neurological disorder physical examination
Head circumference abnormalities
Muscle tone abnormalities
Muscle atrophy or wasting
Large or clustered skin lesions, called neurocutaneous lesions
Dysmorphic features
Abnormalities in the cranial nerves, such as decreased vision or hearing, or inability to use the tongue
Documentation of the presence of physical findings of known genetic disorders, such as facial or hand features of a child with Down syndrome
Microcephaly
the head circumference is more than two standard deviations below average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.
Macrocephaly
—the head circumference is more than two standard deviations above average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.
hypertonia
Increased muscle tone:
hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone:
