Neurological Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis
A chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS, characterised by an inflammation and demyelination of the axons in the CNS. Slowing or blocking conduction along motor and sensory pathways. Caused by a genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident, a rapid loss of brain function due to the disturbance in the blood supply to the brain as a result of ischaemia, blockage or haemorrhage.
Parkinson’s disease
A progressive condition resulting in neuro degeneration of the CNS, the degeneration of the basal ganglia and dopamine secreting cells results in a lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It is more common with age.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An auto-immune condition of the peripheral nervous system. Causing systemic inflammation and de-myelination, with secondary axonal degeneration in the most severely affected. Patients progressively deteriorate reaching nadir around 4 weeks with recovery starting 2-4 weeks after progression ceases.
Cerebral Palsy
It’s non-progressive neurological disorder as the result of a lesion or mal-development in the brain. It exists from birth/earliest childhood.
Hemiparesis
Weakness of the entire left or right side of the body. In it’s most severe form, complete paralysis of half of the body - hemiplegia
Diplegia
Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, typically affecting the legs more severely than the arms.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, usually as the result of cerebral aneurysm or head injury.
Paraplegia
Impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities
Types of MS
Relapsing-Remitting
Secondary-Progressive
Primary-Progressive
Progressive-Relapsing
Cardinal signs of PD
Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
(Postural instability)
