Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Osteoarthritis

Answer 1

Damage and degeneration of articular cartilage and the underlying bone, as a result of wear and tear or abnormal stress. Also causing reduction in synovial fluid levels and formation of juxta-articular bony nodules.

Question 2

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 2

A compression of the neurovascular bundle that passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. It can affect the brachial plexus and subclavian artery and vein. May also be caused by an elevated 1st rib or a tight pectoralis minor.

Question 3

Spondylosis

Answer 3

A general term referring to conditions that cause degenerative changes in the spine. Such as, degeneration of the vertebral joints or disks.

Question 4

Adhesive Capsulitis

Answer 4

An idiopathic condition on the shoulder causing inflammation and fibrosis of the joint capsule. The joint capsule becomes inflamed and stiff causing pain and loss of movement. It is said to have two phases, a ‘pain’ phase and a ‘restriction’ phase.

Question 5

Lateral epicondylitis/Tennis elbow

Answer 5

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Question 6

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 6

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