Cardio-respiratory

Question 1

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 1

Inflammatory disease of the lining of bronchial tubes. Inhaled irritants lead to chronic production of excess mucus
Mucosae of the lower respiratory passageways become inflamed and fibrosed.

Question 2

Pneumonia

Answer 2

Caused by bacteria, fungi, chemical agents or viruses getting into the lungs and causing inflammation, then filling the alveoli with fibrous exudate leading to consolidation.

Question 3

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

A chronic progressive disorder of the endocrine glands, manifesting mainly as an obstructive airway disease. Ion an water transport in epithelial cells is compromised leading to thickened secretions the are hard to clear.

Question 4

Bronchiectasis

Answer 4

A chronic obstructive lung disease characterised by permanent distortion and dilation of airway walls, damaging cilia, corrugated airways, voluminous amounts of sputum that is hard to clear.

Question 5

Oesophagogastrectomy

Answer 5

Removal of a portion of the lower oesophagus and proximal stomach done via laparotomy incision

Question 6

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Answer 6

A recessively inherited disorder where disorganized motility of the cilia leads to greatly reduced mucocilary clearance. Causing airflow obstruction and increased tenancy to infection.

Question 7

Mitral valve replacement

Answer 7

Replacement of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle done via a sternotomy.

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

A long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes SOB due to hyperinflation.
Characterised by destruction of the alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of alveoli forming bullae.