Neurological

Question 1

Anatomical components of nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain, spinal cord (central) , nerves (peripheral)

Question 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 2

The part of the Efferent Nervous System that controls involuntary functions split into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 3

The part of the Efferent Nervous System that controls voluntary movements

Question 4

Structure of the brain

Answer 4

Ventricles - Cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Brainstem - The area that connects the sinal cord to the brain
Cerebellum - Posterior to brainstem ‘string part at back of brain
Hypothalamus - Anterior to the brain stem connected to midbrain
Thalamus - The area above the brain stem
Cerebrum - Outer part of the brain seperated into lobes

Question 5

Structure of the brainstem

Answer 5

Medulla - The lowest part of the brain stem where the spinal cord connects
Pons - Middle part of the brain stem
Midbrain - Highest part of the brain stem where the brain connects

Question 6

What are the meninges

Answer 6

Protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Where is cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 7

In ventricles
Surrounding brain
Central spinal canal
Surrounding spinal cord

Question 8

GCS breakdown

Answer 8

Eyes/4 (Follows, to speech, to pain, closed)
Speech/5 (Orientated, confused, Innapropriate, incomprehensible, none)
Motor/6 (Follows commands, localises to pain, withdraws, flexes, extends, none)

Question 9

BEFAST breakdown

Answer 9

Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time

Question 10

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 10

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for fight or flight

Question 11

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 11

Partof the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for rest and digest

Question 12

Afferent Nervous System

Answer 12

Part of the PNS responsible for sensory

Question 13

Efferent Nervous System

Answer 13

Part of the PNS responsible for motor

Question 14

Global overview

Answer 14

Gait
Facial drooping
Muscle wasting
Tremor
Posture
Walking aide

Question 15

Meningitis tests

Answer 15

Kernig’s sign
Brudzinski sign

Question 16

Kernig’s sign

Answer 16

Lie flat, flex knee 90 degrees and slowly straighten. Pain in neck or head is positive indicator

Question 17

Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 17

Lie flat and manually maneuvre head to chest. Flexion at the hips or knees is a positive indicator

Question 18

What is meningitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the meninges indicating infection of the subarachnoid space (where cerebrospinal fluid is)

Question 19

Dysarthria

Answer 19

Slurring

Question 20

Dysphonia

Answer 20

Hoarseness

Question 21

Dysphasia

Answer 21

Innappropriate words

Question 22

Cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 22

Frontal - front
Parietal - Upper middle
Temporal - Lower middle
Occipital - Rear

Question 23

Cranial Nerve 1

Answer 23

Olfactory
Sensory
Begins at cerebrum
Responsible for smell

Question 24

Cranial Nerve 2

Answer 24

Optic nerve
Sensory
Begins at cerebrum
Responsible for clarity and field of vision and light detection

Question 25

Cranial Nerve 3

Answer 25

Oculomotor Motor Begins at brain stem Responsible for light reflex, pupil size and shape

Question 26

Cranial Nerve 4

Answer 26

Trochlear Motor Begins at brain stem Responsible for vertical eye movement

Question 27

Cranial Nerve 5

Answer 27

Trigeminal Both motor and sensory Begins at brain stem Responsible for jaw muscles and facial sensation

Question 28

Cranial Nerve 6

Answer 28

Abducens Motor Begins at brain stem Responsible for lateral eye movement

Question 29

Cranial Nerve 7

Answer 29

Facial Motor and sensory Begins at brain stem Responsible for facial movement, taste, crying and salivating

Question 30

Cranial Nerve 8

Answer 30

Vestibulocochlear Sensory Begins at brain stem Responsible for hearing and balance

Question 31

Cranial Nerve 9

Answer 31

Glossopharyngeal Motor and sensory Begins in brain stem Responsible for sensation of back of tongue and pharynx. Heartrate, chemoreceptors

Question 32

Cranial Nerve 10

Answer 32

Vagus Motor and sensory Begins at brain stem Responsible for GI function, heart function, voice, swallowing

Question 33

Cranial Nerve 11

Answer 33

Spinal Accessory Motor Begins at brain stem Neck and shoulder muscle

Question 34

Cranial Nerve 12

Answer 34

Hypoglossal Motor Begins at brain stem Tongue movement

Question 35

Hyposmia

Answer 35

Reduced smell

Question 36

Anosmia

Answer 36

Full loss of smell

Question 37

Parosmia

Answer 37

Smell changes

Question 38

Rombergs test

Answer 38

Test for balance, feet together eyes closed

Question 39

Types of dementia

Answer 39

Alzeimers (most common) Vascular Lewy body Mixed Frontotemporal (least common)

Question 40

Alzeimers

Answer 40

Loss of connections between nerves affecting memory before reasoning. Caused from amyloid becoming sticky and tangling

Question 41

Explicit memory

Answer 41

Composed of episodic and semantic Concious memory Verbal, events and facts

Question 42

Implicit memory

Answer 42

Unconcious memory Non verbal Skills and tasks

Question 43

Episodic memory

Answer 43

Explicit memory Personal events

Question 44

Semantic memory

Answer 44

Explicit memory General knowledge (facts & general events)

Question 45

Vascular dementia

Answer 45

Reduced blood flow to the brain due to the formation of plaque in arteries

Question 46

Lewy body dementia

Answer 46

Lewy bodies form from clumps of alphasynuclein proteins

Question 47

Symptoms of lewy body dementia

Answer 47

Hallucination/ delusion Reduced cognition Movement disorder

Question 48

Abbey pain scale

Answer 48

Vocalisation Facial expression Body language Behaviour Physiology Physical

Question 49

Parkinsons

Answer 49

Dopamine pathways disrupted

Question 50

Parkinsons symptoms

Answer 50

Tremor Stiffness Memory and cognition issues Sleep problems Mental health deterioration

Question 51

Anterior cerebral stroke

Answer 51

Legs affected

Question 52

Middle cerebral stroke

Answer 52

Face, arms, slur, confusion

Question 53

Basilar stroke

Answer 53

Speech, balance, LOC

Question 54

Posterior stroke

Answer 54

Visual field loss

Question 55

TIA

Answer 55

Angina of stroke (ischaemia without cell death)

Question 56

Adrenal crisis symptoms

Answer 56

Fatigue Low BP Abdo pain Fever

Question 57

Transient loss of conciousness

Answer 57

Random loss of consciousness May present similar to stroke or MI Can be caused by drugs/ medications

Question 58

Subarachnoid haemmorhage presentation

Answer 58

Combination of stroke and meningitis

Question 59

Types of delirium

Answer 59

Hyperactive Hypoactive Both