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PAM 2 > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical components of nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord (central) , nerves (peripheral)

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

The part of the Efferent Nervous System that controls involuntary functions split into sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

The part of the Efferent Nervous System that controls voluntary movements

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4
Q

Structure of the brain

A

Ventricles - Cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Brainstem - The area that connects the sinal cord to the brain
Cerebellum - Posterior to brainstem ‘string part at back of brain
Hypothalamus - Anterior to the brain stem connected to midbrain
Thalamus - The area above the brain stem
Cerebrum - Outer part of the brain seperated into lobes

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5
Q

Structure of the brainstem

A

Medulla - The lowest part of the brain stem where the spinal cord connects
Pons - Middle part of the brain stem
Midbrain - Highest part of the brain stem where the brain connects

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6
Q

What are the meninges

A

Protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid

A

In ventricles
Surrounding brain
Central spinal canal
Surrounding spinal cord

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8
Q

GCS breakdown

A

Eyes/4 (Follows, to speech, to pain, closed)
Speech/5 (Orientated, confused, Innapropriate, incomprehensible, none)
Motor/6 (Follows commands, localises to pain, withdraws, flexes, extends, none)

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9
Q

BEFAST breakdown

A

Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time

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10
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for fight or flight

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Partof the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for rest and digest

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12
Q

Afferent Nervous System

A

Part of the PNS responsible for sensory

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13
Q

Efferent Nervous System

A

Part of the PNS responsible for motor

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14
Q

Global overview

A

Gait
Facial drooping
Muscle wasting
Tremor
Posture
Walking aide

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15
Q

Meningitis tests

A

Kernig’s sign
Brudzinski sign

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16
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Lie flat, flex knee 90 degrees and slowly straighten. Pain in neck or head is positive indicator

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17
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

Lie flat and manually maneuvre head to chest. Flexion at the hips or knees is a positive indicator

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18
Q

What is meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges indicating infection of the subarachnoid space (where cerebrospinal fluid is)

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19
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurring

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20
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness

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21
Q

Dysphasia

A

Innappropriate words

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22
Q

Cerebral cortex lobes

A

Frontal - front
Parietal - Upper middle
Temporal - Lower middle
Occipital - Rear

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23
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory
Sensory
Begins at cerebrum
Responsible for smell

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24
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic nerve
Sensory
Begins at cerebrum
Responsible for clarity and field of vision and light detection

25
Q

Cranial Nerve 3

A

Oculomotor
Motor
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for light reflex, pupil size and shape

26
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A

Trochlear
Motor
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for vertical eye movement

27
Q

Cranial Nerve 5

A

Trigeminal
Both motor and sensory
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for jaw muscles and facial sensation

28
Q

Cranial Nerve 6

A

Abducens
Motor
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for lateral eye movement

29
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A

Facial
Motor and sensory
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for facial movement, taste, crying and salivating

30
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for hearing and balance

31
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal
Motor and sensory
Begins in brain stem
Responsible for sensation of back of tongue and pharynx. Heartrate, chemoreceptors

32
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A

Vagus
Motor and sensory
Begins at brain stem
Responsible for GI function, heart function, voice, swallowing

33
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A

Spinal Accessory
Motor
Begins at brain stem
Neck and shoulder muscle

34
Q

Cranial Nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Begins at brain stem
Tongue movement

35
Q

Hyposmia

A

Reduced smell

36
Q

Anosmia

A

Full loss of smell

37
Q

Parosmia

A

Smell changes

38
Q

Rombergs test

A

Test for balance, feet together eyes closed

39
Q

Types of dementia

A

Alzeimers (most common)
Vascular
Lewy body
Mixed
Frontotemporal (least common)

40
Q

Alzeimers

A

Loss of connections between nerves affecting memory before reasoning.
Caused from amyloid becoming sticky and tangling

41
Q

Explicit memory

A

Composed of episodic and semantic
Concious memory
Verbal, events and facts

42
Q

Implicit memory

A

Unconcious memory
Non verbal
Skills and tasks

43
Q

Episodic memory

A

Explicit memory
Personal events

44
Q

Semantic memory

A

Explicit memory
General knowledge (facts & general events)

45
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Reduced blood flow to the brain due to the formation of plaque in arteries

46
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

Lewy bodies form from clumps of alphasynuclein proteins

47
Q

Symptoms of lewy body dementia

A

Hallucination/ delusion
Reduced cognition
Movement disorder

48
Q

Abbey pain scale

A

Vocalisation
Facial expression
Body language
Behaviour
Physiology
Physical

49
Q

Parkinsons

A

Dopamine pathways disrupted

50
Q

Parkinsons symptoms

A

Tremor
Stiffness
Memory and cognition issues
Sleep problems
Mental health deterioration

51
Q

Anterior cerebral stroke

A

Legs affected

52
Q

Middle cerebral stroke

A

Face, arms, slur, confusion

53
Q

Basilar stroke

A

Speech, balance, LOC

54
Q

Posterior stroke

A

Visual field loss

55
Q

TIA

A

Angina of stroke (ischaemia without cell death)

56
Q

Adrenal crisis symptoms

A

Fatigue
Low BP
Abdo pain
Fever

57
Q

Transient loss of conciousness

A

Random loss of consciousness
May present similar to stroke or MI
Can be caused by drugs/ medications

58
Q

Subarachnoid haemmorhage presentation

A

Combination of stroke and meningitis

59
Q

Types of delirium

A

Hyperactive
Hypoactive
Both

PAM 2 (10 decks)

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