Neurologic emergencies Flashcards
1
Q
Carotid dissection- Sx
A
- Hx of whiplash, extreme coughing, direct trauma
- Exercising young adults
- Ipsilateral hemisphere stroke, evolving over days
- Acute neck pain, local cervical tenderness
2
Q
Carotid dissection- Dx
A
Arteriography
3
Q
Carotid dissection- Tx
A
- Anticoagulation
- Stenting
4
Q
Giant cell arteritis- Sx
A
- HA, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumaitica
- visual abn
- Pulse asymmetry
- Aortic regurg
- FUO
- > 50 yrs old
5
Q
Giant cell arteritis- Dx
A
- Markedly elevated ESR
- Biopsy
6
Q
Giant cell arteritis- Tx
A
High dose prednisone
7
Q
Increased intracranial pressure- Sx
A
- AMS, HA, vomiting
- Papiledema
- Obtundation
- Unilateral pupillaru dilation
8
Q
Increased intracranial pressure- Dx
A
- Intraventricular catheter
9
Q
Increased intracranial pressure- Tx
A
- Upright positioning
- Hyperventilation
- Mannitol
- Tx underlying cause
10
Q
Status epilepticus- Sx
A
- Fixed epileptic condition > 30 mins
- 2+ convulsions without recovery
- Confusion
- Automatism
11
Q
Status epilepticus- Dx
A
EEG
12
Q
Status epilepticus- Tx
A
- Maintain airway
- Lorazepam or diazepam
- Phenytoin
- Phenobarbitol
- General anesthesia
13
Q
Epidural abscess- Sx
A
- Hx trauma, sinusitis, mastioiditis, otitis media
- Fever, HA, nuchal rigidity
- Seizures, focal deficits
- Insidious onset
- Periorbital edema
- Potts puffy tumor
14
Q
Epidural abscess- Dx
A
MRI with contrast
15
Q
Epidural abscess- Tx
A
- Immediate drainage
- Emperical abx- cephlosporin, vanco and metronidazole
16
Q
Spinal cord compression- Sx
A
- Pain, aggravated with movement
- Weakness, stiffness, focal wasting of 1+ limb
- Spinal tenderness
- Lower motor defects
17
Q
Spinal cord compression- Dx
A
- Increased protein with normal cells
- CT or MRI
18
Q
Spinal cord compression- Tx
A
- Tx underlying cause
19
Q
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome- Sx
A
- Hx of anti psych meds, haloperidol
- Rigidity
- Fever
- AMS
- Autonomic dysfunction
20
Q
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome- Tx
A
Withdrawal meds
- Antipyretics
- Rehydradtion
