neuroinfectious disease Flashcards by sophia carrasco

what are the 2 types of CNS infections

meningitis and encephalitis

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what are 3 SC infections

• Spinal Meningitis
• Myelitis
• Epidural abscess

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what are the 4 mode of entry for bacterial infections

-hematogenous spread
-extension from infected cranial structures
-penetrating cranial injuries
-surgical invasion

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symptoms of meningitis and for infants

• Fever, chills
• Headache
• Neck pain & stiffness
• Generalized convulsions
• Drowsiness/confusion

Infants: bulging of fontanels (soft spots), vomiting, irritability

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• Fever, chills
• Headache
• Neck pain & stiffness
• Generalized convulsions
• Drowsiness/confusion
• Infants: bulging of fontanels (soft spots), vomiting, irritability

these are symptoms of what

meningitis

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what are the 2 meningeal sings and what do they do

kermit;s sign which is flexing pt hip to 90° then extending pateints knee causes pain

brudzinskis neck sign is flexing pt neck casues flexion of pateints hip and knees

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what is the pathology of bacterial meningitis

-bacterial in CSF excite acute inflammatory reaction
- vessels may thrombose and causes brian infaraction
-exudate may block uptake of CSF causing hrodrcephalus

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what is the diagnosis for CSF in bacterial meningitis

lumbar puncture in 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

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what is the characteristics of CSF in bacteria memigitis

-increased pressure e
-cloudy appearance
- increase WBC and protein

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Gram negative enterobacteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci… these are common pathogens for what population

post neurosurgery

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N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes… these are common pathogens for what kind of population

healthy adults

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L. monoctogenes, gram negative enterobacteriae, P. aeruginosa, pneumococci…. these are common pathogens for what kind of population.

elderly

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Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemopholius influenzae…. these are pathogens for what kind of population

infants and children

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E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Streptococcus agalactiae, Proteus group B Streptococci… these are common pathogens for what kind of population

newborns

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t/f : acute meningitis a medical emergency

true

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what is the treatment for bacterial meningitis

antibiotics
corticosteroids
treat for 10-21 days

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Tends to occur in epidemics, in roughly 10 year cycles
Rapid onset over hours
Meningococcemia can lead to petechial or hemorrhagic skin rash
Mortality rate 10% (with treatment), 50% without Rx

what is this

Meningococcal Meningitis

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what tends to occur in epidemics and has a rapid onset

Meningococcal Meningitis

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f a pateint has a Fever, headache, meningeal irritation and CSF with lymphocytic predominance, normal glucose, and negative bacterial and fungal cultures

what is this

Viral (aseptic) Meningitis

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what are the causes for Viral (aseptic) Meningitis

enterovirus most common and herpes simple virus

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what drug is used to treT herpes simplx virus infection

Acyclovir

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how do u treatment viral meningitis

treat as bacterial meningitis until Cx neg

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Fever, impaired consciousness, seizures, hemiparesis, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies.
Usually accompanied by meningeal signs
** Seasonal incidence
** Enteroviruses, arbovirus

what is this

Acute Encephalitis

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what is the symptoms of Acute Encephalitis and what is it accompanied by

fever
impaired consciousness
seizures
hemiparesis
ataxia
CN palsies

companies by meningeal sings

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*** Most serious **of the viral encephalitides * Usually caused by **HSV type1** * Rapid evolution of fever, confusion, coma. * Predominates in **temporal** and **frontal** lobes * Treatment is with IV **Acycloviror** similar drugs * Mortality rate of 50% what is this

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

what is Herpes Simplex Encephalitis causes by

HSV type 1

what lobes does Herpes Simplex Encephalitis predominate in

temporal and frontal

what is the treatment for Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

IV Acyclovir

what is the most serious of the viral encephalitides

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

* Organism reaches **brain via bloodstream during pulmonary infection.** *** Basal meningitis**+/-foci in brain * Many small tubercles on the surface of the meninges * Hydrocephalus/stroke frequent what meningitis is this

Tuberculous Meningitis

in Tuberculous Meningitis the organism reaches the ____ via bloodstream during a ____ infection

brain pulmonary

Tuberculous Meningitis has a faster or slower evaluation of symptoms

slower

what is more frequently seen with Tuberculous Meningitis

CN palsies

how does the CSF presents with Tuberculous Meningitis

increase pressure increase protein mostly lymphocytes

what is the treatment for Tuberculous Meningitis

4 drug anti tuberculous regimen

* Purulent infection of the **subdural space** * Usually a rises from disease of the **sinuses or middle ear.** * Pus accumulates over **one **cerebral hemisphere * leads to Meningeal veins thrombose causing infarction * leads to cerebral symptoms what is this

Subdural Empyema

**Subdural Empyema** is a purulent infection of the ___ space and usually arises from disease of the ____ or ___ ___ … pus accumulated over ___ cerebral hemisphere

subdural sinuses or middle ear one

what is the symptoms for **Subdural Empyema**

-HA -fever -focal seizures -hemiparesis -hemisensory loss

what is the treatment for Subdural Empyema

sx drain then antibiotics

• Infections of ear or sinuses may lead to thrombosis within the venous sinuses that drain the brain. • Blockage leads to increased pressure, infarctions, focal findings • Treat with antibiotics. Usually requires surgery on ear or sinus waht is this

Intracranial Thrombophlebitis

brain abscess occurs when there is ___ of the brain tissue alone with ___ infections

necrosis bacterial

brain abscess that are secondary to ear or sinus infections are what

single and near site of entry

what are the symptoms of brain abscess

HA drowsiness confusion seizures focal flinging

what is the treatment for brain abscess

aspiration and wide spectrum antibiotics

* Causative agent: **Treponema pallidum** * Transmitted via sexual contact what is this

Neurosyphili

what is early meningitis from Neurosyphilis

6-12 months after PRIMARY infection

what is Meningovascular syphilis

5-12 years after primary infection — stroke

what is Late, tertiary syphilis

tabes dorsalis , general paresis

* Caused by bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi * Transmitted by bite of infected **blacklegged ticks** * **Symptoms**: – **Initially**: fever, headache, fatigue, rash (erythema migrans) – **Weeks – Months:** meningitis, CN palsies, radiculopathy, neuropathy, cardiac disease what disease is this

lyme disease

if a pateint has a disease transmitted y a bite of infected black legged tick and has symptoms of fever, HA , faitgue rash initially adn then lead to meningitis , CN palsies (facial n) , radicualophy , neuropathy and then cardiac disease what disease do we suspect she has

lyme disase

Cryptococcosis and Mucormycosis are what kind of infections

fungal infections of the CNS

which fungal infection of the CNS is more common in the US and is increasing in AIDS patients and subacute meningitis

Cryptococcosis

which fungal infection of the CNS is seen as a complication of DIABETES

Mucormycosis

is fungal infectiosn or bacterial infections of the CNS more common

bacterial

* Organism: **Varicella-zoster virus** (VZV) * Reactivation of latent virus **residing in sensory ganglion** after primary chicken pox infection. * Hits elderly, immunocompromised * Radicular pain and vesicular eruption in dermatomal pattern--”shinglesb what is this

herpes zoster

what PNS symptoms may u acquire form COVID 19

gillian barre syndrome or rhabdomyolysis

what is the most common prion disease that is rapidly progressive dementia , behavioral changes , ataxia , myoclonic jerks and blindness and is fatal within 1 years

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:

is prion disease a virus

no just abnormal protein

HIV and AIDS can affect the ___ system at any level

nervous

what syndromes are a direct effect of HIV

aseptic meningitis , neuritis and myelitis

for HIV and AIDS opportunistic infections predominate as what happens

CD4 court drops

Most mass lesions of the brain in AIDS are _____ or primary CNS ___

toxoplasmosis lymphoma

what is Neurocysticercosis

parasite in uncock pork and is the #1 causes of sezuires world wide

what are symptoms for Neurocysticercosis

-seizure -HA -arachnoditis (hydrocephalus, mengitiis, stroke)

what is the treatment for Neurocysticercosis

antiparastitics steroids sx