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NEUROMUSCULAR > neuroinfectious disease > Flashcards

neuroinfectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of CNS infections

A

meningitis and encephalitis

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2
Q

what are 3 SC infections

A

• Spinal Meningitis
• Myelitis
• Epidural abscess

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3
Q

what are the 4 mode of entry for bacterial infections

A

-hematogenous spread
-extension from infected cranial structures
-penetrating cranial injuries
-surgical invasion

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4
Q

symptoms of meningitis and for infants

A

• Fever, chills
• Headache
• Neck pain & stiffness
• Generalized convulsions
• Drowsiness/confusion

Infants: bulging of fontanels (soft spots), vomiting, irritability

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5
Q

• Fever, chills
• Headache
• Neck pain & stiffness
• Generalized convulsions
• Drowsiness/confusion
• Infants: bulging of fontanels (soft spots), vomiting, irritability

these are symptoms of what

A

meningitis

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6
Q

what are the 2 meningeal sings and what do they do

A

kermit;s sign which is flexing pt hip to 90° then extending pateints knee causes pain

brudzinskis neck sign is flexing pt neck casues flexion of pateints hip and knees

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7
Q

what is the pathology of bacterial meningitis

A

-bacterial in CSF excite acute inflammatory reaction
- vessels may thrombose and causes brian infaraction
-exudate may block uptake of CSF causing hrodrcephalus

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8
Q

what is the diagnosis for CSF in bacterial meningitis

A

lumbar puncture in 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

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9
Q

what is the characteristics of CSF in bacteria memigitis

A

-increased pressure e
-cloudy appearance
- increase WBC and protein

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10
Q

Gram negative enterobacteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci… these are common pathogens for what population

A

post neurosurgery

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11
Q

N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes… these are common pathogens for what kind of population

A

healthy adults

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12
Q

L. monoctogenes, gram negative enterobacteriae, P. aeruginosa, pneumococci…. these are common pathogens for what kind of population.

A

elderly

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13
Q

Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemopholius influenzae…. these are pathogens for what kind of population

A

infants and children

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14
Q

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Streptococcus agalactiae, Proteus group B Streptococci… these are common pathogens for what kind of population

A

newborns

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15
Q

t/f : acute meningitis a medical emergency

A

true

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16
Q

what is the treatment for bacterial meningitis

A
  • antibiotics
  • corticosteroids
    treat for 10-21 days
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17
Q
  • Tends to occur in epidemics, in roughly 10 year cycles
  • Rapid onset over hours
  • Meningococcemia can lead to petechial or hemorrhagic skin rash
  • Mortality rate 10% (with treatment), 50% without Rx

what is this

A

Meningococcal Meningitis

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18
Q

what tends to occur in epidemics and has a rapid onset

A

Meningococcal Meningitis

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19
Q

f a pateint has a Fever, headache, meningeal irritation and CSF with lymphocytic predominance, normal glucose, and negative bacterial and fungal cultures

what is this

A

Viral (aseptic) Meningitis

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20
Q

what are the causes for Viral (aseptic) Meningitis

A

enterovirus most common and herpes simple virus

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21
Q

what drug is used to treT herpes simplx virus infection

A

Acyclovir

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22
Q

how do u treatment viral meningitis

A

treat as bacterial meningitis until Cx neg

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23
Q
  • Fever, impaired consciousness, seizures, hemiparesis, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies.
  • Usually accompanied by meningeal signs
    ** Seasonal incidence
    **     Enteroviruses, arbovirus

what is this

A

Acute Encephalitis

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24
Q

what is the symptoms of Acute Encephalitis and what is it accompanied by

A

fever
impaired consciousness
seizures
hemiparesis
ataxia
CN palsies

companies by meningeal sings

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25
Q

*** Most serious **of the viral encephalitides
* Usually caused by HSV type1
* Rapid evolution of fever, confusion, coma.
* Predominates in temporal and frontal lobes
* Treatment is with IV Acycloviror similar drugs
* Mortality rate of 50%

what is this

A

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

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26
Q

what is Herpes Simplex Encephalitis causes by

A

HSV type 1

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27
Q

what lobes does Herpes Simplex Encephalitis predominate in

A

temporal and frontal

28
Q

what is the treatment for Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

A

IV Acyclovir

29
Q

what is the most serious of the viral encephalitides

A

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

30
Q
  • Organism reaches brain via bloodstream during pulmonary infection.
    * Basal meningitis+/-foci in brain
  • Many small tubercles on the surface of the
    meninges
  • Hydrocephalus/stroke frequent

what meningitis is this

A

Tuberculous Meningitis

31
Q

in Tuberculous Meningitis the organism reaches the ____ via bloodstream during a ____ infection

A

brain
pulmonary

32
Q

Tuberculous Meningitis has a faster or slower evaluation of symptoms

A

slower

33
Q

what is more frequently seen with Tuberculous Meningitis

A

CN palsies

34
Q

how does the CSF presents with Tuberculous Meningitis

A

increase pressure
increase protein
mostly lymphocytes

35
Q

what is the treatment for Tuberculous Meningitis

A

4 drug anti tuberculous regimen

36
Q
  • Purulent infection of the subdural space
  • Usually a rises from disease of the sinuses or middle ear.
  • Pus accumulates over **one **cerebral hemisphere
  • leads to Meningeal veins thrombose causing infarction
  • leads to cerebral symptoms

what is this

A

Subdural Empyema

37
Q

Subdural Empyema is a purulent infection of the ___ space and usually arises from disease of the ____ or ___ ___ … pus accumulated over ___ cerebral hemisphere

A

subdural
sinuses or middle ear
one

38
Q

what is the symptoms for Subdural Empyema

A

-HA
-fever
-focal seizures
-hemiparesis
-hemisensory loss

39
Q

what is the treatment for Subdural Empyema

A

sx drain then antibiotics

40
Q

• Infections of ear or sinuses may lead to thrombosis within the venous sinuses that drain the brain.
• Blockage leads to increased pressure, infarctions, focal findings
• Treat with antibiotics. Usually requires surgery on ear or sinus

waht is this

A

Intracranial Thrombophlebitis

41
Q

brain abscess occurs when there is ___ of the brain tissue alone with ___ infections

A

necrosis
bacterial

42
Q

brain abscess that are secondary to ear or sinus infections are what

A

single and near site of entry

43
Q

what are the symptoms of brain abscess

A

HA
drowsiness
confusion
seizures
focal flinging

44
Q

what is the treatment for brain abscess

A

aspiration and wide spectrum antibiotics

45
Q
  • Causative agent: Treponema pallidum
  • Transmitted via sexual contact

what is this

A

Neurosyphili

46
Q

what is early meningitis from Neurosyphilis

A

6-12 months after PRIMARY infection

47
Q

what is Meningovascular syphilis

A

5-12 years after primary infection — stroke

48
Q

what is Late, tertiary syphilis

A

tabes dorsalis , general paresis

49
Q
  • Caused by bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Transmitted by bite of infected blacklegged
    ticks
  • Symptoms:
    – Initially: fever, headache, fatigue, rash (erythema migrans)
    – Weeks – Months: meningitis, CN palsies, radiculopathy, neuropathy, cardiac disease

what disease is this

A

lyme disease

50
Q

if a pateint has a disease transmitted y a bite of infected black legged tick and has symptoms of fever, HA , faitgue rash initially adn then lead to meningitis , CN palsies (facial n) , radicualophy , neuropathy and then cardiac disease what disease do we suspect she has

A

lyme disase

51
Q

Cryptococcosis and Mucormycosis are what kind of infections

A

fungal infections of the CNS

52
Q

which fungal infection of the CNS is more common in the US and is increasing in AIDS patients and subacute meningitis

A

Cryptococcosis

53
Q

which fungal infection of the CNS is seen as a complication of DIABETES

A

Mucormycosis

54
Q

is fungal infectiosn or bacterial infections of the CNS more common

A

bacterial

55
Q
  • Organism: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
  • Reactivation of latent virus residing in sensory ganglion after primary chicken pox infection.
  • Hits elderly, immunocompromised
  • Radicular pain and vesicular eruption in dermatomal pattern–”shinglesb

what is this

A

herpes zoster

56
Q

what PNS symptoms may u acquire form COVID 19

A

gillian barre syndrome or rhabdomyolysis

57
Q

what is the most common prion disease that is rapidly progressive dementia , behavioral changes , ataxia , myoclonic jerks and blindness and is fatal within 1 years

A

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:

58
Q

is prion disease a virus

A

no just abnormal protein

59
Q

HIV and AIDS can affect the ___ system at any level

A

nervous

60
Q

what syndromes are a direct effect of HIV

A

aseptic meningitis , neuritis and myelitis

61
Q

for HIV and AIDS opportunistic infections predominate as what happens

A

CD4 court drops

62
Q

Most mass lesions of the brain in AIDS are
_____ or primary CNS ___

A

toxoplasmosis

lymphoma

63
Q

what is Neurocysticercosis

A

parasite in uncock pork and is the #1 causes of sezuires world wide

64
Q

what are symptoms for Neurocysticercosis

A

-seizure
-HA
-arachnoditis (hydrocephalus, mengitiis, stroke)

65
Q

what is the treatment for Neurocysticercosis

A

antiparastitics
steroids
sx

NEUROMUSCULAR (15 decks)

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