neuroimaging

Question 1

clinicopathologic method

Answer 1

relationship between site of lesion and lost function

• basis for all neuroimaging and radiographic interruption
• allows us to capture images in part of the brain and confirm what types of problems the patient may have

Question 2

objective neurodiagnostic testing

Answer 2

-confirmatory tools to support clinical observations of behavioral neurologists, SLP

Question 3

computerized tomography - CT scans

Answer 3

• multiple X-rays generated as machine rotates to produce 3-D picture of the brain
• contrast substances can enhance view of damaged area

Question 4

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI

Answer 4

• uses radio waves and strong magnetic field
• to detect distribution of water molecules in tissues
• assess brain tissue densities in “slices”
• more sensative to lesions and damages

Question 5

cerebral angiography

Answer 5

• xray procedure
• images veins and arteries within the brain and brain stem
• using contrast medium injected into major artery
• detect blockages in arteries, narrowing of arteries, bleeds
• ENTIRE PURPOSE= look at blood vessels in the brain

Question 6

Positron Emission Tomography

Answer 6

• dynamic measures of metbolic activity in brain regions (not a static picture)
• nuclear medicine
• inject radioactive isotopes into body
• usually targets glucose; could be other type of molecules
• looking at the brain as it is functioning in a cognitive task

Question 7

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Answer 7

• similar to PET scan
• poorer resolution than PET and less expensive
• radioactive tracers injected into bloodstream
• decay/gamma rays detected during metabolism
• dynamic view of the brain in action (how cell tissue metabolizes energy)

Question 8

functional MRI

Answer 8

• MRI technology + blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast (BOLD)
• detects changes in blood flow during specific cognitive activities
• when neurons engage, blood flow increases

Question 9

neurons during an fMRI

Answer 9

• de-oxygenated red blood cells are more magnetic than fully oxygenated red blood cells
• difference in timing, of magnetic detection,provides a “functional” MRI picture of the brain in action

Question 10

networks and DTI imaging

Answer 10

• non-invasive technique
• MRI recognition of water molecule movement and direction
• along with fatty tissue of axons (white matter)
• observe white matter (networks)
• analyze connectivity and direction of pathways
• combine with fMRI and MRI

Question 11

Electroencephalography EEG

Answer 11

measures brain electrical activity

• captures neural transmission with scalp electrodes
• used in detection of epilepsy, coma, brain death
• capture Event-Related Potentials

Question 12

Event-releated potentials

Answer 12

• non-invasive study of the brain’s electrical response to a repeated stimulus
• brains response to stimuli is measured through EEG
• which captures changes in the polarity of dendrites as they begin to receive then transmit incoming neural impulses from other neurons