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Speech Path II > Neurogenic Communication Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenic Communication Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Speech based disorders

A

Apraxia of speech
Dysarthria
Childhood apraxia of speech

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1
Q

Language based disorders

A

Aphasia
Cognitive linguistic impairment
Language of confusion
Language of general intellectual impairment

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2
Q

Dysarthria

A

Group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control that causes weakness, slowness, and incoordination of the speech mechanism because of CNS and/or PNS dysfunction
Involvement of respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, and prosody

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3
Q

Types of dysarthria

A 
Spastic 
Flaccid 
Hypo kinetic 
Hyperkinetic 
Ataxic 
Unilateral upper motor neuron
Mixed
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4
Q

Assessment for dysarthria

A

The assessment of intelligibility of dysarthric speakers

Frenchay dysarthria assessment

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5
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

S- jaw, face, mouth, any feeling in lips, gums, mouth

M- jaw, soft palate, masseur muscle

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6
Q

Facial

A

S- taste anterior 2/3, mucous mem of soft palate and pharynx

M- face muscles, lips, smile, pucker, close eyes, wrinkle forehead

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7
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

S- taste posterior 1/3, mucous mem of the pharynx, middle ear, and mouth
M- pharynx

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8
Q

Vagus

A

S- mucous mem of pharynx, larynx, soft palate, tongue, lungs
M- pharynx and larynx

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9
Q

Hypoglossal

A

M- intrinsic m of tongue

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10
Q

The WHO model

A

Body structure
Body function
Activity/participation
Contextual factors

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11
Q

Motor execution

A

Processing responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production

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12
Q

Motor planning

A

Refers to the process that defines and sequences articulatory goals prior to their occurrence

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13
Q

Motor programming

A

Establish and prepare flow of motor info across muscles for speech production and specifying the timing and force required for the movements

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14
Q

Categorizing neurogenic speech disorders

A

I - age of onset - acquired or congenital
II - status - acute or chronic
III - course of the disorder - static v progressive v exacerbating
IV - site of lesion - CNS v PNS, bilateral v unilateral, diffuse v focal
V - neurologic diagnosis - VITAMIN D

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15
Q

Causes of neurogenic communication disorders

A 
V - vascular accident 
I - infectious process
T - traumatic insults 
A - allergic/anoxic reaction
M - metabolic disorder 
I - idiopathic disorder
N - neoplasm
D - degenerative disease
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16
Q

Spastic dysarthria

A 
Excessive muscle tone 
Strained/strangled voice quality 
Hypernasality 
Slow rate
mono pitch/low pitch 
short phrases
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17
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A 
Hypotonia 
Hypoactive reflexes 
Hypernasality 
Breathy voice quality/mono loudness/mono pitch 
Short phrases
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18
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

A 
Variable muscle tone
Sudden/irregular respiratory patterns 
Sudden changes in pitch, loudness  and voice quality 
Inappropriate phrasing 
Damage to basal ganglia
Huntingtons disease
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19
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

A 
Incoordination
Tremors 
Hypotonia 
Irregular respiratory patterns 
Breathy voice, irregular loudness and pitch 
SOL- cerebellum
20
Q

Unilateral upper motor neuron

A

Unilateral facial or tongue weakness
Harsh voice quality, reduced loudness
SOL- unilateral damage to motor cortex

21
Q

Apraxia of speech

A

Impairment of the capacity to program the positioning of speech muscles and the sequencing of muscle movements for the volitional production of phonemes
Not result of weakness or discoordination
Articulation and prosody affected
Inconsistent errors

22
Q

Assessment for apraxia

A

Apraxia battery for adults- look for problems with coordinating and planning

23
Q

Aphasia

A

A language disorder that is acquired sometime after an individual has developed language competence and results from injury to language centers of the brain

24
Q

Sterotopy

A

True words used in a unit

25
Q

Ischemic strokes

A

Blockage of blood flow to cerebral cortex
Thrombosis- gradual bird up of plaque in artery and eventually closes it off
Embolism- traveling blood clot and lodges itself itself in a particular part of artery

26
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Vessel or artery rupture and excessive amounts of blood enter the brain

27
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

28
Q

Arteries that nourish cerebral cortex essential for speech and language production

A

Left and middle cerebral arteries

29
Q

Anterior aphasias

A

Nonfluent

Expressive language problems

30
Q

Posterior aphasias

A

Fluent

Receptive language problems

31
Q

Brocas aphasia

A

Frontal lobe
Fair-good comprehension
Nonfluent
Agrammatic, difficulty with repetitions, word finding

32
Q

Global aphasia

A

Diffuse in lobes
Poor comprehension
Nonfluent
Expressive problems, anomia

33
Q

Wernickes aphasia

A

Temporal lobe
Poor comprehension
Fluent
Meaningless jargon, limited awareness of their issue, word rep, neologisms

34
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

Arcuate fasciculus
Fair-good comprehension
Fluent
Imitation problems, naming difficulties, normal prosody and artic

35
Q

Anomic

A

Multiple potential lesion sites
Fair to good comprehension
Fluent
Word finding problems

36
Q

Controllable factors of stroke

A 
High blood pressure
Arterial fibrillation 
High cholesterol 
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis 
Circulation problems 
Tobacco and smoking 
Alcohol use
Physical inactivity 
Obesity
37
Q

Uncontrollable stroke factors

A 
Age 
Gender
Race
Family history 
Pervious stoke or TIA
fibromuscular dysplasia 
Patent foramen ovule
38
Q

Aphasia tests

A

Western aphasia battery (WAB)

Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE)

39
Q

Functional outcomes testing

A

Communication abilities of daily living

ASHA functional assessment of communication skills for adults

40
Q

General treatment objectives for AOS

A

Voluntary control of articulatory postures
Voluntary control of sequential articulator movements
Promote slower, more deliberate speech
Reduce struggle and groping behaviors

41
Q

General treatment objectives for dysarthria

A

Oral motor development
Adequate orofacial postures
Integration of orofacial reflexes
Improve orofacial muscle tone and strength

42
Q

Articulation errors for dysarthria and apraxia

A

Dysarthria- distortions and omissions

Apraxia- substitutions, repititions, additions, transpositions, prolongations, omissions, and distortions

43
Q

Right hemisphere dysfunction

A 
Left hemi neglect
Prosopagnosia 
Pragmatics 
Wordy expression 
Lack of awareness of problems 
Abstract thinking
44
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

Personality changes

Widespread language comprehension and expression issues

45
Q

Dementia

A

Memory impairment

Impairment of cognitive skills

46
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria

A 
Slow movement, rigidity, tremors 
Shallow breaths
Reduced loudness 
Reduced precision of articulators and range of motion 
Rapid bursts of speech, long pauses 
Damage to basal ganglia
Parkinson's disease
47
Q

Tests for TBI

A

Glasgow coma scale

Rancho Los amigos levels of cognitive function

Speech Path II (4 decks)

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