Craniofacial Abnormalities

Question 0

Velopharyngeal dysfunction

Answer 0

Describes abnormal Velopharyngeal function regardless of what the cause is

Question 1

Reasons for Hypernasality

Answer 1

Hole in the hard palate inability to close velum to pharynx

Question 2

Velopharyngeal incompetence

Answer 2

A neuromotor or physiological disorder that results in poor movement of the velum

Question 3

Velopharyngeal insuffiency

Answer 3

An anatomical of structural deficit that precludes Velopharyngeal closure

Question 4

Classification of cleft palate and/or lip

Answer 4

Unilateral or bilateral
Complete or incomplete
Primary or secondary
Lip, hard palate, or velum

Question 5

Submucous cleft

Answer 5

Muscular cleft in the region of hone soft palate that is covered by a thin layer if mucosal tissue

Question 6

Key features of a submucous cleft

Answer 6

Bony notch
Bifid uvula
Zona Pellucida (bluish coloring)

Question 7

Official cleft palate/lip classification systems

Answer 7

Veau cleft lip and palate

Kernahans striped y

Question 8

Veau classification system

Answer 8

I bilateral or unilateral cleft of the lip
II unilateral cleft of the lip and palate
III bilateral cleft of the lip and palate
IV submucous cleft

Question 9

Kernahans striped y

Answer 9

Numbers 1-6 represent primary features
Numbers 7-9 represent secondary features
Health care provider crosses off boxes where cleft is located

Question 10

Primary features

Answer 10

Lip, alveolar ridge, premaxilla, columella

Question 11

Secondary features

Answer 11

Hard palate, soft palate, uvula, velum

Question 12

Etiologies

Answer 12

Genetics
Environmental
Mechanically induced

Question 13

Incidence of clefts

Answer 13

1/750 live births
Cleft lip alone > cleft palate alone
Submucous clefts 1/1200 live births

Question 14

Why is there an increase in clefts?

Answer 14

Better outcome for cleft patients so they are able to have their own kids
Increase in care for high risk pregnancies

Question 15

Sex and racial differences

Answer 15

Cleft lip only: 2 men:1 woman
Cleft palate alone: female>male
Submucous clefts: same rate in men and women
Native Americans, Asian descent, whites, African descent

Question 16

Pharyngeal flap

Answer 16

Improve Velopharyngeal function
Flap from posterior pharyngeal wall sutured to velum
Airflow in each side if the flap to breathe through nose

Question 17

Primary repair v secondary repair

Answer 17

Primary- establish closure

Secondary- function and aesthetics

Question 18

Craniofacial team

Answer 18

Wide array of congenital abnormalities

Question 19

Cleft palate team

Answer 19

Focus on cleft lip or palate

Question 20

SLP responsible for…

Answer 20

Feeding
Middle ear disease
Voice disorders
Resonance disorders
Articulatory disorders
Language disorders