Craniofacial Abnormalities Flashcards
Velopharyngeal dysfunction
Describes abnormal Velopharyngeal function regardless of what the cause is
Reasons for Hypernasality
Hole in the hard palate inability to close velum to pharynx
Velopharyngeal incompetence
A neuromotor or physiological disorder that results in poor movement of the velum
Velopharyngeal insuffiency
An anatomical of structural deficit that precludes Velopharyngeal closure
Classification of cleft palate and/or lip
Unilateral or bilateral
Complete or incomplete
Primary or secondary
Lip, hard palate, or velum
Submucous cleft
Muscular cleft in the region of hone soft palate that is covered by a thin layer if mucosal tissue
Key features of a submucous cleft
Bony notch
Bifid uvula
Zona Pellucida (bluish coloring)
Official cleft palate/lip classification systems
Veau cleft lip and palate
Kernahans striped y
Veau classification system
I bilateral or unilateral cleft of the lip
II unilateral cleft of the lip and palate
III bilateral cleft of the lip and palate
IV submucous cleft
Kernahans striped y
Numbers 1-6 represent primary features
Numbers 7-9 represent secondary features
Health care provider crosses off boxes where cleft is located
Primary features
Lip, alveolar ridge, premaxilla, columella
Secondary features
Hard palate, soft palate, uvula, velum
Etiologies
Genetics
Environmental
Mechanically induced
Incidence of clefts
1/750 live births
Cleft lip alone > cleft palate alone
Submucous clefts 1/1200 live births
Why is there an increase in clefts?
Better outcome for cleft patients so they are able to have their own kids
Increase in care for high risk pregnancies
Sex and racial differences
Cleft lip only: 2 men:1 woman
Cleft palate alone: female>male
Submucous clefts: same rate in men and women
Native Americans, Asian descent, whites, African descent
Pharyngeal flap
Improve Velopharyngeal function
Flap from posterior pharyngeal wall sutured to velum
Airflow in each side if the flap to breathe through nose
Primary repair v secondary repair
Primary- establish closure
Secondary- function and aesthetics
Craniofacial team
Wide array of congenital abnormalities
Cleft palate team
Focus on cleft lip or palate
SLP responsible for…
Feeding Middle ear disease Voice disorders Resonance disorders Articulatory disorders Language disorders
