Feeding And Swallowing

Question 0

Oral motor system

Answer 0

Physical structures and neuromuscular functions

Question 1

Dysphagia

Answer 1

Impairment in the ability to swallow

Question 2

Oral motor functions

Answer 2

Strength and coordination

Question 3

Oral motor muscular tone

Answer 3

Tension and posture of articulators

Question 4

Oral motor sensation

Answer 4

Sensitivity to taste, movement, and textures

Question 5

Deglutition

Answer 5

Ability to swallow

Question 6

Odynophagia

Answer 6

Painful swallowing

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

Wave like contraction in esophagus to move bolus

Involuntary

Question 8

Aspiration

Answer 8

Bolus below the level of the vocal folds

Question 9

Four stages of swallowing

Answer 9

Oral prep phase
Oral stage
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

Question 10

Oral prep phase

Answer 10

Initial placement of bolus into the oral cavity
Begin to break down with release if saliva
Mastication and lateralization

Question 11

Oral stage

Answer 11

Time it takes prepared bolus to move posteriorly in a cohesive fashion

Question 12

Pharyngeal phase

Answer 12

Swallowing response triggered involuntarily when bolus reaches the anterior faucial pillars

Question 13

Esophageal phase

Answer 13

Bolus passes through UES, LES, then into stomach in 8-20 seconds

Question 14

Alternative feeding (2)

Answer 14

Enteral feeding tube- supplementing PO with other forms of nutrition 
PEG tube (gastrostomy tube)- directly delivers food into stomach

Question 15

Areas where bolus can get caught

Answer 15

Vallaculae
Pyriform sinuses
Larynx (above and below vocal folds)

Question 16

Pediatric feeding disorder red flags

Answer 16

Persistent failure to adequately feed for a period of at least a month
Unsafe/insufficient swallow
Growth delay affecting height and/or weight
Poor appetite regulation

Question 17

Pediatric feeding behaviors

Answer 17

Food refusal 
Food selectivity 
Rumination 
Pica 
Limited food intake 
Excessive food intake 
Oral motor hypersensitivity
Oral motor hypo sensitivity 
Chewing problems 
Sucking problems

Question 18

Instrumental procedures

Answer 18

Modified barium swallow (video fluoroscopy)- X-ray of swallow, mix with barium, identify compensatory strategies
Fiberoptic endoscopy exam of swallowing (FEES)- scope through the nose to visualize bolus and where it is getting stuck

Question 19

Reasons why not to send patient out for testing

Answer 19

1. Medically fragile
2. Level of alertness is diminished
3. Procedure might cause additional problems

Question 20

Bedside swallow examination

Answer 20

1. Review current and past medical record
2. Interview patient on awareness of swallowing complaint
3. Elaborate oral motor exam
4. Trial feeding or observes client during meal

Question 21

Compensatory approaches to treatment

Answer 21

Diet modification
Altered positioning during swallow
Intake modification
Meal setup and environment

Question 22

Restorative techniques to treatment

Answer 22

Thermal stimulation
Effortful swallow
Mendelssohn maneuver
Supraglottic swallow

Question 23

Dysphasia diet

Answer 23

Thin
Nectar-like
Honey-like
Spoon-thick

Question 24

AAC assessment process

Answer 24

Identification of participation patterns and communication needs
Identification of capabilities related to communication
Symbol assessment
Feature match
Recommendations

Question 25

Purposes of communication

Answer 25

Expressing wants and needs
Information transfer
Social closeness 
Social etiquette
Communicating with oneself

Question 26

Types of symbols

Answer 26

Aided
Unaided
Acoustic 
Graphic 
Manual 
Tactile