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BHM III > Neurogenerative Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenerative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for dementia?

A

Acquired, persistent and progressive impairment of intellectual function with compromise of memory and at least 1 other cognitive domain

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2
Q

What are examples of cognitive domain required to dx a pt with dementia?

A
  • Aphasia
  • Apraxia
  • Agnosia
  • Impaired executive function
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3
Q

Is dementia rapid or insidious onset and is it progressive or no?

A

Insidious and progressive deterioration

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4
Q

Does dementia cause impairment in autonomic arousal and impairment in mentation?

A
  • No impairment in autonomic arousal

- Consistently impaired mentation

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5
Q

Is alertness retained or lost in dementia and is agitation present?

A
  • Alertness is retained in early stages

- Agitation is less prominent

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6
Q

Does dementia vary with stress? and if pt is psychotic what usually occurs in a pt with dementia?

A
  • Varies with stress

- If psychotic, usually vague paranoid ideas in middle stages

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7
Q

What is a common concomitant of early dementia?

A

Depression

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8
Q

What is dementia w/ lewy bodies?

A

Cognitive dysfunction w/ prominent visuospatial and executive deficits

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9
Q

What are some sxs of dementia w/ lewy bodies?

A
  • Psychiatric disturbance
  • Anxiety
  • Visual hallucinations
  • Fluctuating delirium
  • Parkinsonian motor deficits w/ or after other features
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10
Q

What medication lessens delirium in a pt with dementia w/ lewy body?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

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11
Q

Is delirium a rapid or progressive onset? And what is the duration?

A

Rapid onset and short duration

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12
Q

Is autonomic arousal and consciousness affected in a pt with delirium? If so, how?

A
  • Heightened autonomic arousal

- Clouded consciousness

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13
Q

What are some sxs of delirium?

A
  • Gross confusion
  • Restless
  • Agitated
  • Hypervigilant
  • Lethargic
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14
Q

Does delirium cause visual disturbance? If so, what?

A
  • Gross perceptual disruptions

- Hallucinations

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15
Q

What are some causes of delirium?

A
  • Central nervous system disorder
  • Metabolic disorder
  • Systemic illness
  • Medications
  • OTC preparations
  • Botanicals
  • Cardiac
  • Pulmonary
  • Endocrine
  • Renal
  • Hepatic
  • Neoplasm
  • Drugs of abuse
  • Toxins
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16
Q

What are sxs of frontotemporal dementia?

A
  • Personality and behavior changes
  • Sudden lack of inhibitions in person and social situations
  • Problems coming up with the right words
  • Movement problems: shakiness, balance, muscle spasm
17
Q

What is disease make up 30% of frontotemporal dementia?

A

Picks disease

18
Q

What does picks disease affect?

A

It affects parts of the brain that control emotions, behavior, personality, and language

19
Q

What causes frontotemporal dementia?

A

Familial cases result from mutations in genes for tau, progranulin, or others

20
Q

What are some behavioral variants in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia?

A
  • Deficits in empathy, social comportment, insight, abstract though, and executive function
  • Behavior is disinhibited, impulsive, and ritualistic
  • Prominent apathy and increased interest in sex or sweet/fatty foods
21
Q

What are the effects of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia on memory?

A

Relative preservation of memory

22
Q

Where is atrophy of the brain in a pt with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Focal right frontal atrophy

23
Q

What is behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia associated with?

A

ALS

24
Q

What are some sxs seen in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia frontotemporal dementia?

A
  • Deficits in word-finding, single-word comprehension, object and category knowledge, and face recognition
  • Similar behavior as Behavioral variant FTD
25
Q

Where is atrophy of the brain in a pt with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia frontotemporal dementia?

A

Asymmetric temporal pole atrophy

26
Q

What are some sxs seen in nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia frontotemporal dementia?

A
  • Speech is effortful w/ dysarthria, phonemic errors, sound distortions, and poor grammar
  • Focal extrapyramidal signs and apraxia of the right arm and leg
  • Overlaps with corticobasal degeneration
27
Q

Where is atrophy of the brain in a pt with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia frontotemporal dementia

A

Focal left frontal atrophy

28
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

Stepwise or progressive accumulation of cognitive deficits in association with repeated strokes

29
Q

What do sxs of vascular dementia depend on?

A

Sxs depend on localization of strokes

30
Q

What is Alzheimers?

A

MC age-related neurodegenerative disease, not fatal

- incidence doubles every 5 years after age 60

31
Q

How is memory affected by Alzheimers?

A

Short-term memory impairment is early and prominent

32
Q

What are the deficits noted with Alzheimers?

A

Variable deficits of executive function, visuospatial function, and language

33
Q

What is the cause of Alzheimers?

A

Plaques containing-beta amyloid peptide and neurofibrillary tangles containting tau protein

34
Q

What is the more common in Alzheimers compared to vascular dementia?

A
  • Visuospatial function

- Attention

35
Q

What is the more common in vascular dementia compared to Alzheimers?

A
  • Immediate memory
  • Language
  • Delayed memory

BHM III (10 decks)

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