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neurodynamic testing Flashcards

1
Q

Name three red flags of an Lx disc protrusion.

A

Saddle paresthesia; change to bowel/bladder function; foot drop/clumsiness in lower limb

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2
Q

Name the ventricles of the brain and their general location

A

lateral ventricles (deep to cerebral hemispheres); third ventricle (between left & right thalamus); 4th ventricle (connected by cerebral aqueduct, posterior to pons & upper medulla oblongata)

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3
Q

What are the three cardinal signs of meningitis?

A

headaches, nuchal stiffness, fever

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4
Q

Name the three layers of the meninges in order from deep to superficial

A

Pia Mater, Arachnoid, Dura Mater

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5
Q

How do you remove bias from the sciatic nerve tension in the SLR test?

A

flex the knee and dorsiflex the ankle

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6
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that results from the entrapment of which peripheral nerve?

A

Median nerve

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7
Q

Which peripheral nerve gives sensory supply to the medial two digits

A

ulnar nerve

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8
Q

which peripheral nerve is best palpated in the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial nerve

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9
Q

which brachial plexus trunk gives rise to the radial and axillary nerves?

A

posterior

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10
Q

how do you modify the ULNTT’s to predict if there is a Cx component to the impingement?

A

side bend neck away from the limb being examined if Ssx increase, there is a likelihood Cx is involved.

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11
Q

What nerve roots are tested for dysfunction in the straight leg raise?

A

L4, L5,S1 and s2

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12
Q

three ways to accentuate stress on the neural pathways at the height of straight leg test

A

hip adduction; hip medial rotation; cervical spine flexion

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13
Q

at the height of the straight leg test, what other nerve might be implicated through stress with the inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot

A

sural nerve

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14
Q

What is Kernig’s test? what does a positive Kernig test result indicate?

A

the clinician takes the patient’s lower limb to 90 degrees of hip flexion and knee flexion. The practitioner then slowly extends the knee while maintaining the ankle in dorsiflexion. indicate meningeal irritation, inflammation or infection

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15
Q

what are the nerve roots of the medial pectoral nerve?

A

C8, T1

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16
Q

what are the nerve roots of the iliohypogastric?

A

T12, L1

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17
Q

what grade is allotted to a muscle that can complete the ROM with gravity omitted?

A

2

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18
Q

what is the site of the lesion in Upper Motor neurone syndrome?

A

cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

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19
Q

what is the muscle tone when dealing with UMN dysfunction?

A

increased (spasticity or rigidity)

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20
Q

what are the reflexes with UMN dysfunction?

A

exaggerated or brisk positive Babinski

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21
Q

three conditions that cause UMN dysfunction

A

stroke (ischaemic or hemorrhagic); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis

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22
Q

what could be the conditions that cause LMN?

A

peripheral nerve trauma/ compression; spinal muscular atrophy; Guillain-Barre syndrome; poliomyelitis.

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23
Q

Myotome testing of C1 and C2 involves neck flexion and extension, what muscles are involved?

A

rectus lateralis, rectus capitus anterior, longus capitis, longus coli, longus cervicis, sternocleidomastoid

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24
Q

Myotome testing of C3 involves neck lateral flexion, what muscles are involved?

A

longus capitis, longus cervicis,trapezius, scalenus medius

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25
Q

Myotome testing of C4 involves scapular elevation, what muscles are involved?

A

diaphragm, trapezius, levator scapulae, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius

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26
Q

Myotome testing of C5 involves shoulder abduction, what muscles are involved?

A

rhomboid major and minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, biceps brachii, scalenes anterior, and medius.

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27
Q

The supinator muscle supinates the forearm at the RU joints and flexes the forearm at the elbow joint. What is its innervation?

A

The Radial Nerve, C6, C7

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28
Q

Myotome testing of C7 involves elbow extension and wrist flexion, what muscles are involved?

A

serratus anterior,latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis,extensor carpi radialis longus,extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.

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29
Q

Myotome testing of C8 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?

A

pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus, flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis longus,, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior

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30
Q

Myotome testing of T1 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, intrinsic muscles of the hand (except extensor pollicis brevis) flexor pollicis brevis,opponens pollicis

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30
Q

Myotome testing of L1-L2 involves hip flexion, what muscles are involved?

A

psoas, iliacus, sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

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30
Q

Myotome testing of L3 involves knee extension, what muscles are involved?

A

quadriceps, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis

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31
Q

Myotome testing of L4 involves ankle dorsiflexion, what muscles are involved?

A

tibialis anterior, quadriceps, tensor fasciae latae, adductor magnus, obturator externus, tibialis posterior

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32
Q

Myotome testing of L5 involves toe extension, what muscles are involved?

A

extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, gluteus medius and minimus, obturator internus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, peroneus tertius, popliteus

33
Q

Myotome testing of S1 involves ankle plantarflexion and ankle eversion, what muscles are involved?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, gluteus maximus, obturator internus, piriformis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, popliteus, peroneus longus and brevis, extensor digitorum brevis

34
Q

Myotome testing of S2 involves hip extension and knee flexion, what muscles are involved?

A

The primary hip extensors are the gluteus maximus the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The extensor head of the adductor magnus is also considered a primary hip extensor. The knee flexors include the set of hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and popliteus.

35
Q

what are the nerve roots of the deltoid?

A

Axillary C5,C6

36
Q

what are the nerve roots of the latissimus Dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal C6, C7, C8

37
Q

what are the nerve roots of the Teres Major?

A

lower subscapular C5, C6, C7

38
Q

what are the nerve roots of the supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular C4, C5,C6

39
Q

what are the nerve roots of the teres minor?

A

axillary C5,C6

40
Q

what are the nerve roots of the infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular C4, C5, C6

41
Q

what are the nerve roots of the subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular C5,C6,C7

42
Q

what are the nerve roots of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

dorsal scapular C4, C5

43
Q

what are the nerve roots of the levator scapular?

A

cervical C3, C4 and dorsal scapular C4, C5

44
Q

what are the nerve roots of the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic C5, C6,C7, C8

45
Q

what are the nerve roots of the upper fibers of the pectoralis major?

A

lateral pectoral C5, C6,C7

46
Q

what are the nerve roots of the lower fibers of the pectoralis major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral C6,C7, C8, T1

47
Q

what are the nerve roots of the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral with fibres from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral C6, C7, C8,T1

48
Q

what are the nerve roots of the subclavius?

A

subclavian C5,C6

49
Q

what are the nerve roots of the biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous C5, C6

50
Q

what are the nerve roots of the triceps brachii?

A

radial C6, C7, C8 T1

51
Q

what are the nerve roots of the coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous C6,C7

52
Q

what are the nerve roots of the brachialis?

A

musculocutaneous C5, c6

53
Q

what are the nerve roots of the brachioradialis?

A

radial C5, C6

54
Q

what are the nerve roots of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

longus C5, C6, C7, C8 brevis C6, C7, C8

55
Q

what are the nerve roots of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Radial C6, C7, C8

56
Q

what are the nerve roots of the extensor digitorum?

A

Radial C6, C7,C8

57
Q

what are the nerve roots of the anconeus?

A

Radial C7, C8

58
Q

what are the nerve roots of the extensor indicis?

A

Radial C6, C7, C8

59
Q

what are the nerve roots of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median C6, C7,C8

60
Q

what are the nerve roots of the palmaris longus?

A

Median C6, C7, C8, T1

61
Q

what are the nerve roots of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar C7, C8, T1

62
Q

what are the nerve roots of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median C7, C8, T1

63
Q

what are the nerve roots of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

second & third fingers Median C7, C8, T1 fourth and fifth fingers Ulnar C7,C8, T1

64
Q

what are the nerve roots of the pronator teres?

A

median C6, C7

65
Q

what are the nerve roots of the pronator quadratus?

A

median C7, C8, T1

66
Q

what are the nerve roots of the supinator?

A

radial C5, C6,C7

67
Q

what are the nerve roots of the quadriceps femoris group?

A

Femoral L2, l3,L4

68
Q

what are the nerve roots of the biceps femoris?

A

long head sciatic (tibial) L5, S1, S2, S3
short head sciatic (peroneal) L5, S1,S2

69
Q

what are the nerve roots of the semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic (tibial) L4,l5,S1,S2

70
Q

ULTT what is the second stage of stretching the radial nerve?

A

bring the arm to 10 degrees of abduction

71
Q

ULTT where do you stand in the first stage of stretching the radial nerve, doing what?

A

at the head of the table, hip against the shoulder, depressing it

72
Q

ULTT what is the third stage of stretching the radial nerve?

A

flex the elbow to 90 degrees

73
Q

ULTT what is the fourth stage of stretching the radial nerve

A

pronate the forearm

74
Q

ULTT what are the final stages of stretching the radial nerve

A

flex the wrist and overpressure it and then extend the elbow

75
Q

ULTT where are you facing in the initial stage of stretching the ulna nerve

A

standing beside the client’s hip, depressing the shoulder

76
Q

ULTT what is the second stage of stretching the ulna

A

abduct the arm up to 90 degrees

77
Q

ULTT what is the third stage of stretching the ulna

A

pronate the forearm (so that wrist faces away from the body)

78
Q

ULTT what is the fourth stage of stretching the ulna

A

extend thumb and fingers

79
Q

ULTT how do you complete the stretching of the ulna?

A

go into lateral rotation of the shoulder, and slowly bring his fingers towards his ear.

80
Q

ULTT what are the seven stages of stretching the median nerve in the first method?

A

1 stand beside the client’s hip, and depress the shoulder. 2. abduct the arm to 90 degrees, and support the arm on the thigh 3. Flex the elbow to 90 degrees 4. then laterally rotate the patient’s shoulder (rolling arm on your thigh) 5. extend your client’s wrist and fingers 6. Slowly extend the elbow 7. you can further stress the nerve by having the client flex his neck to the opposite side.

81
Q

ULTT talk me through the stages of the second method of stretching the median nerve

A

1 stand at your client’s shoulder, hip depressing the shoulder 2. Fully extend and adduct the arm 10 degrees 3. flex the elbow to 90 degrees 4. supinate the forearm. 5. extend the fingers and wrist 6. slowly extend the elbow.

neuroscience (11 decks)

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