neurodynamic testing Flashcards
Name three red flags of an Lx disc protrusion.
Saddle paresthesia; change to bowel/bladder function; foot drop/clumsiness in lower limb
Name the ventricles of the brain and their general location
lateral ventricles (deep to cerebral hemispheres); third ventricle (between left & right thalamus); 4th ventricle (connected by cerebral aqueduct, posterior to pons & upper medulla oblongata)
What are the three cardinal signs of meningitis?
headaches, nuchal stiffness, fever
Name the three layers of the meninges in order from deep to superficial
Pia Mater, Arachnoid, Dura Mater
How do you remove bias from the sciatic nerve tension in the SLR test?
flex the knee and dorsiflex the ankle
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that results from the entrapment of which peripheral nerve?
Median nerve
Which peripheral nerve gives sensory supply to the medial two digits
ulnar nerve
which peripheral nerve is best palpated in the anatomical snuff box?
Radial nerve
which brachial plexus trunk gives rise to the radial and axillary nerves?
posterior
how do you modify the ULNTT’s to predict if there is a Cx component to the impingement?
side bend neck away from the limb being examined if Ssx increase, there is a likelihood Cx is involved.
What nerve roots are tested for dysfunction in the straight leg raise?
L4, L5,S1 and s2
three ways to accentuate stress on the neural pathways at the height of straight leg test
hip adduction; hip medial rotation; cervical spine flexion
at the height of the straight leg test, what other nerve might be implicated through stress with the inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot
sural nerve
What is Kernig’s test? what does a positive Kernig test result indicate?
the clinician takes the patient’s lower limb to 90 degrees of hip flexion and knee flexion. The practitioner then slowly extends the knee while maintaining the ankle in dorsiflexion. indicate meningeal irritation, inflammation or infection
what are the nerve roots of the medial pectoral nerve?
C8, T1
what are the nerve roots of the iliohypogastric?
T12, L1
what grade is allotted to a muscle that can complete the ROM with gravity omitted?
2
what is the site of the lesion in Upper Motor neurone syndrome?
cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord
what is the muscle tone when dealing with UMN dysfunction?
increased (spasticity or rigidity)
what are the reflexes with UMN dysfunction?
exaggerated or brisk positive Babinski
three conditions that cause UMN dysfunction
stroke (ischaemic or hemorrhagic); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis
what could be the conditions that cause LMN?
peripheral nerve trauma/ compression; spinal muscular atrophy; Guillain-Barre syndrome; poliomyelitis.
Myotome testing of C1 and C2 involves neck flexion and extension, what muscles are involved?
rectus lateralis, rectus capitus anterior, longus capitis, longus coli, longus cervicis, sternocleidomastoid
Myotome testing of C3 involves neck lateral flexion, what muscles are involved?
longus capitis, longus cervicis,trapezius, scalenus medius
Myotome testing of C4 involves scapular elevation, what muscles are involved?
diaphragm, trapezius, levator scapulae, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius
Myotome testing of C5 involves shoulder abduction, what muscles are involved?
rhomboid major and minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, biceps brachii, scalenes anterior, and medius.
The supinator muscle supinates the forearm at the RU joints and flexes the forearm at the elbow joint. What is its innervation?
The Radial Nerve, C6, C7
Myotome testing of C7 involves elbow extension and wrist flexion, what muscles are involved?
serratus anterior,latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis,extensor carpi radialis longus,extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.
Myotome testing of C8 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?
pectoralis major (sternal head),pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus, flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis longus,, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior
Myotome testing of T1 involves thumb extension and ulnar deviation, what muscles are involved?
Flexor digitorum profundus, intrinsic muscles of the hand (except extensor pollicis brevis) flexor pollicis brevis,opponens pollicis
Myotome testing of L1-L2 involves hip flexion, what muscles are involved?
psoas, iliacus, sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
Myotome testing of L3 involves knee extension, what muscles are involved?
quadriceps, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis
Myotome testing of L4 involves ankle dorsiflexion, what muscles are involved?
tibialis anterior, quadriceps, tensor fasciae latae, adductor magnus, obturator externus, tibialis posterior