Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
This condition usually begins in infancy; people with it have low intelligence that causes them to need special help coping with life. They have difficulty with cognitive tasks and cognitive impairment. Affected in multiple life areas.
Intellectual disability
Severity level: IQ Mild: ~50-70; 85% of patients Moderate: ~30-50; 10% of patients Severe: ~20-30; 5% of patients Profound: low 20s down; 2% of patients
Indicates persons nominally ranked in the IQ range of 71-84 who do not have the coping problems associated with intellectual disability
Borderline intellectual functioning
From early childhood, the patient has impaired social interactions and communication and shows stereotyped behaviors and interests.
Autism spectrum disorder
Specify:
{with}{without} accompanying intellectual impairment
{with}{without} accompanying language impairment
Associated with a known medical or genetic condition or environmental factor
Associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavior disorder
With catatonia
Use when a child under the age of 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally, but you cannot reliably assess the degree
Global developmental delay
A child’s delay in using spoken and written language is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, and/or trouble understanding words or sentences
Language disorder
A child chooses not to talk, expect when alone or with select intimates (DSM-5 classifies as anxiety disorder)
Selective mutism
Multiple vocal tics (1+) and motor tics (2+) occur frequently throughout the day (longer than 1 year; begin by age 18)
Tourette’s disorder
A patient has either motor OR vocal tics, but NOT both (longer than 1 year; begin by age 18)
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder
Patients are hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, and often all three (for 6+ months; onset before age 12)
Specificities
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Specify (for the past 6 months):
Predominantly inattentive presentation
Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
Combined presentation
In partial remission: when the condition persists (into adulthood), enough symptoms may be lost that the full criteria are no longer met but impairment persists
Mild. few symptoms
Moderate. intermediate
Severe. many symptoms, more then required
Multiple examples of negativistic behavior persist for at least 6 months; difficulty with authority
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
A child persistently violates rules or the rights of others
Conduct disorder
The patient eats material that is not food
Pica
There is a persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten
Rumination disorder
At age 4 years or later, the patient repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto the floor
Encopresis
At age 5 or later, there is repeated voiding of urine (voluntary or involuntary) into bedding or clothing
Enuresis
During the first part of the night, these patients cry out in apparent fear. Often they don’t really wake up at all. This behavior is considered pathological only in adults, not children.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type
This z-code is used when there is no mental disorder, but a child and parent have problems getting along (ex: overprotection or inconsistent discipline)
Parent-child relational problem
This z-code is used for difficulties between siblings
Sibling relational problem
A variety of z-codes can be used to cover difficulties that arise from neglect or from physical or sexual abuse of children
Problems related to abuse or neglect
A child’s mood is persistently negative between severe temper outbursts
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
The patient becomes anxious when apart from parent or home
Separation anxiety disorder
Children repeatedly relive a severely traumatic event, such as car accidents, natural disasters, or war
Post-traumatic stress disorder in preschool children
A boy or girl wants to be of the other gender
Gender dysphoria in children
A caregiver induces symptoms in someone else, usually a child, with no intention of material gain
Factitious disorder imposed on another