Mood Disorders Flashcards
(3) criteria to diagnose mental problems related to mood:
(1) mood episodes, (2) mood disorders, (3) specifiers describing most recent episode and recurrent course
Refers to any period of time when a patient feels abnormally happy or sad
Mood episode
For at least 2 weeks, the patient feels depressed (or cannot enjoy life) and has problems with eating and sleeping, guilt feelings, low energy, trouble concentrating, and thoughts about death
Major depressive episode
For at least 1 week, the patient feels elated (or sometimes only irritable) and may be grandiose, talkative, hyperactive, and distractible. Bad judgment leads to marked social or work impairment; often patients must be hospitalized
Manic episode
This is much like a manic episode, but it is briefer and less severe. Hospitalization is not required.
Hypomanic episode
A pattern of illness due to an abnormal mood
Mood disorder
These patients have had no manic or hypomanic episodes, but have had one or more major depressive episodes. This disorder will be either recurrent or single episode.
Major depressive disorder
There are no high phases, and it last much longer than typical major depressive disorder. This type of depression is not usually severe enough to be called an episode of major depression (though chronic major depression is now included here)
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
A child’s mood is persistently negative between frequent, severe explosions of temper
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
A few days before her menses, a woman experiences symptoms of depression and anxiety
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce depressive symptoms; these need not meet criteria for any of the depressive disorders
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
Alcohol or other substances (intoxication or withdrawal) can cause depressive symptoms; these need not meet criteria for any of the depressive disorders
Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder
Use one of these categories when a patient has depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the depressive diagnoses above for any other diagnosis in which depression is a feature
Other specified, or unspecified, depressive disorder
Approximately ___% of patients with mood disorders experience manic or hypomanic episodes.
25%
There must be at least one manic episode; most patients with this disorder also have major depressive episode
Bipolar I disorder
This diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode
Bipolar II disorder
These patients have had repeated mood swings, but non that are severe enough to be called major depressive episodes or manic episodes
Cyclothymic disorder
Alcohol or other substances (intoxication or withdrawal) can cause manic or hypomanic symptoms; these need not meet criteria for any of the bipolar and related disorders.
Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder
A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce manic or hypomanic symptoms; these need not meet criteria for any of the bipolar and related disorders
Bipolar disorder due to another medical condition
Use one of these categories when a patient has bipolar symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the bipolar diagnoses
Other specified, or unspecified, bipolar disorder
In these patients, symptoms suggestive of schizophrenia coexist with major depressive or a manic episode
Schizoaffective disorder
The qualifier with behavioral disturbance can be coded into the diagnosis of major or mild neurocognitive disorder
Major and mild neurocognitive disorder with behavioral disturbance
This term codes one way of adapting to a life stress
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
Dysphoric mood is specifically mentioned in the criteria for borderline personality disorder, but depressed mood commonly accompanies avoidant, dependent, and histrionic personality disorder.
Personality disorders
Sadness at the death of a relative or friend is a common experience. Because this is a normal reaction to a particular type of stressor, it is recorded not as a disorder, but as a Z-code [v-code]
Uncomplicated bereavement
Depression can accompany many other mental disorders, including schizophrenia, the eating disorders, somatic symptom disorder, sexual dysfunctions, and gender dysphorias. Mood symptoms are likely in patients with an anxiety disorder (especially panic disorder and the phobic disorders), OCD, and PTSD
Other disorders that cause depressive and manic symptoms
These depressed patients eat a lot and gain weight, sleep excessively, and have a feeling of being sluggish or paralyzed. They are often excessively sensitive to rejection.
with atypical features
This term applies to major depressive episodes characterized by some of the “classic” symptoms of severe depression. These patients awaken early, feeling worse than they do later in the day. They lose appetite and weight, feel guilty, are either slowed down or agitated, and do not feel better when something happens that they would normally like
With melancholic features
A patient has symptoms of anxiety, tension, restlessness, worry, or fear that accompanies a mood episode
With anxious distress
There are features of either motor hyperactivity or inactivity. This can apply to major depressive episodes and to manic episodes
With catatonic features
Manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes may have mixtures of manic and depressive symptoms
With mixed features
A manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode (or a brief psychotic disorder) can occur in a woman during pregnancy or within a month of having a baby
With peripartum onset
Manic and major depressive episodes can be accompanied by delusions, which can be mood-congruent or -incongruent
With psychotic features
Within 1 year, the patient has had at least 4 episodes (in any combination) fulfilling criteria for major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episodes
With rapid cycling
These patients regularly become ill at certain time of the year, such as fall or winter
With seasonal pattern
(4) Specifiers for severity and remission & # of symptoms
Mild (2 symptoms of anxious distress)
Moderate (3 symptoms)
Moderate-severe (4-5 symptoms)
Severe (4-5 symptoms plus physical agitation)
Best Treatment Practices Major Depressive Disorder
CBT, Problem-solving, psychodynamic therapy; develop therapeutic alliance, educate family and patient, complete suicide and psychiatric assessment; anti-depressant;
Best Treatment Practices Bipolar
mood-stabilizing drugs like lithium or an antipsychotic; CBT, interpersonal therapy, or family-focused therapy
best treatment practices persistent depressive
cbt and antidepressant