Neurodevelopmental Challenges Flashcards
what is fragile X syndrome
most common inherited cause of mental
impairment
2nd most common genetic cause of cognitive
disability after Down syndrome
1 in 4000 males; 1 in 6000 females (from Fragile X
Canada)
males usually more severely affected than
females
approximately 25% of those with fragile X
syndrome will have seizures
15-33% will have autistic behaviors
what is PKU
phenylketonuria
genetic metabolic disorder leading to intellectual and neurological disorders
treated with lifelong diet; certain foods are restricted
diet orders must be followed by HCSW
what is hydrocephalus
fluid collects in the brain
often a shunt is surgically implanted to relieve pressure on the brain
person may have difficulty controlling head due to
weight, so injuries more likely
what is Down syndrome
congenital disorder; approx. 1 in 781 live births
There are an estimated 45,000 Canadians with Down syndrome.
often have physical problems as well
early onset dementia more likely than in general
population
what is cerebral palsy
lack of oxygen around the time of birth is usual
cause
varying physical and cognitive effects
may have spasticity, uncontrolled movements, or
poor muscle tone
what is autism
brain disorder which affects communication and
social skills and behavior
signs/symptoms
may have low tolerance for noises and touch
may have high need for routines to be maintained
what is spina bifida
congenital neural tube defect; spine does not close
properly before birth
reduced risk if mother has sufficient folic acid pre-
natally
high risk of nerve damage and infection
