neurodevelopment

Question 1

chorea

Answer 1

involuntary muscle contraction

Question 2

dystonia

Answer 2

sustained muscle contraction

Question 3

bradykinesia

Answer 3

delayed muscle contraction

Question 4

ethanol is a neurotoxin (T/F)

Answer 4

T- FASD

Question 5

what causes loss of motor control in huntingtons

Answer 5

basal ganglia degeneration

Question 6

common cause of spina bifida occulta

Answer 6

low folic acid

Question 7

Which disorder is caused by an expanded CAG repeat gene mutation?

Answer 7

Huntington disease

Question 8

what occurs during initiation phase of seizure

Answer 8

synchronous depolarization
neuron recruitment

Question 9

what occurs during tonic phase of seizure

Answer 9

overexcitation
loss of consciousness
muscle contraction
impaired autonomic functions

Question 10

what occurs during clonic phase of seizure

Answer 10

inhibition convulsions (try to reset, can’t, repeat)

Question 11

spina bifida occulta

Answer 11

incomplete vertebral column
asymptomatic

Question 12

meningocele

Answer 12

sac with CSF protrude
spinal cord intact

Question 13

myelomeningocele

Answer 13

intact sac containing spinal cord protrudes

Question 14

open spina bifida

Answer 14

no skin covers the cyst (containing spinal cord)↑ risk of infection

Question 15

Arnold‐Chiari malformation

Answer 15

the cerebellum and brainstem slip down through the foramen magnum–>hydrocephalus

Question 16

seizure

Answer 16

sudden abnormal electrical activity (x1)

Question 17

epilepsy

Answer 17

recurrent seizures (xpl)

Question 18

focal seizure

Answer 18

localized to 1 area
remain conscious

Question 19

global seizure

Answer 19

multiple brain region impaired
lost consciousness

Question 20

provoked

Answer 20

cause of seizure is known

Question 21

status epilepticus

Answer 21

long lasting global seizure (5min+) series of rapidly recurring seizures

Question 22

absence seizure

Answer 22

lapses in consciousness for 10 seconds

Question 23

atonic seizure

Answer 23

sudden loss of postural muscle tone (head nod-fall)

Question 24

Neurochemical changes associated with Huntington disease

Answer 24

Decreased GABA
Increased DOPA

Question 25

pathogenesis of Huntington disease

Answer 25

Basal ganglia –>loss of motor control
Cerebral cortex–> loss of cognition

Question 26

Anencephaly

Answer 26

missing skull
anterior part of neural tube problem (fatal)

Question 27

encephalocele

Answer 27

protrusion of brain through skull into sac