vascular

Question 1

infarct vs penumbra

Answer 1

-infarct-dead neurons
-penumbra -may survive if perfusion is reestablished

Question 2

Which neurologic disorder is associated with vascular obstruction?

Answer 2

stroke

Question 3

education following a TIA (3)

Answer 3

↑risk with family hx
monitor your BP
Smoking ↑ risk of stroke

Question 4

Which brain regions are most susceptible to ischemic injury?

Answer 4

• Cerebellum
• regions with limited vascularization
• Hippocampus

Question 5

focal brain ischemia (cause, sign)

Answer 5

cause: localized infarction (thrombosis and embolism)
sign: no altered consciousness

Question 6

global brain ischemia (cause, sign)

Answer 6

cause: inadequate blood flow (cardiac arrest, shock and carotid stenosis)
sign: unconsciousness in seconds

Question 7

transient ischemic attack

Answer 7

focal cerebral ischemia - <1 hour
reverses before infarction

Question 8

watershed infarct

Answer 8

occurs in the border zone between the territories of two major arteries that supply blood to the brain

Question 9

laminar necrosis

Answer 9

infarct in the deeper layers of the brain due to ↓ blood flow
(deeper layers ↓ blood=↑damage)

Question 10

pathogenesis of ischemic stroke

Answer 10

stroke–>infarct surrounded by penumbra
if penumbra dies–>infarct enlarges
–>new penumbra

Question 11

survival of the penumbra depends on what factors (↑good)

Answer 11

reperfusion
collateral circulation
angiogenesis

Question 12

survival of the penumbra depends on what factors (↓bad)

Answer 12

excitotoxicity
neuroinflammation
cerebral edema

Question 13

damage to focal vs global ischemia

Answer 13

focal- depends on collateral blood flow and location
global-severe, permanent damage (fatal?)