Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
What are the criteria for Diagnosing neurocogdisorders?
>1 of Decline in: -Complex Attention -Exec Function -Learning and memory -Language -Perceptual Motor -Social Cognition Interferes with ADLs
What type of AzD has a greater genetic Component?
Early Onset AzD
How is AzD Definitively Diagnosed?
Post Mortem Brain tissue Biopsy
- Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Neuritic Plaques
- Excess Amyloid
What are risk factors of AzD?
Advanced Age, FHx, Down’s Syndrome, Apo E4
What are gross findings in AzD?
Hippocampus Atrophy
Cerebral Cortex Atrophy
Enlarged Ventricles
What are the traits of Vascular Brain disease?
Binswanger Dis or Multi infarct dementia
Sometimes Subcortical
What are the Traits of Lewy Body Dementia?
Subclinical Parkinsonism Autonomic Dysfunction Grad. Progressive Cog impairment Psychosis -Visual Hallucin +Delusions -Tx: AchE I
What are the traits of Frontotemporal Disease?
Pick's Disease Temporal/Frontal lobes Younger Disinhibition/Apathy Disinhibition Language Problems Steadily progressive
What are the traits of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy?
Mild Repeditive Concussions => 8-10 years later
Disoriented, dizzy, Headache
Memory loss
Progressive dementia, neuro impairment, suicide
What are autopsy findings in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy?
Neuronal Loss, tau pathology, atrophy
What are the traits of Huntington’s Disease?
Autosomal Dom
Choreoathetoid Movements
Change in mood/personality
Inc suicide risk
What are the triats of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
Classic triad of 1) Confusion 2)Ataxic Gait 3)Urinary Incontinence
Tx w/Shunt sometimes helpful
What are the traits of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?
Common in Alcoholics
- Thiamine B1 deficiency
- Fatal if not Tx
- Clinical Triad: Delirium, Ocular Changes, Gait Disturbance
What are the Traits of Lyme Disease?
Tick borne
Rash, Fatigue, Headache, Focal Neuro Signs
Tx: Abtx
What are the Traits of Spongiform Encephalopathy?
Prion Mediated
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
What are the cognitive traits of HIV infection?
Cog impairment
Anxiety, Depression, Adjustment
Mania, Psychosis
What are the Traits of Delirium?
Disturbed Atention and awareness
Short Devt and fluctuation
Look for underlying causes
What are risk factors of Delirium?
Advanced Age Nursing home placement Pre-Existing brain damage Male Malnutrition, alcohol
What is the Tx of Delirium?
Correct Cause
Haloperidol or antipsychotic if severe
When should Antidepressants be used in Dementia?
Depressed, anxious, sexually inappropriate
When should Benzodiazepines be used in Dementia?
PRN for Anxiety or Insomnia
