Neurocognitive Disorders (5)

Question 1

Distinguish the clinical characteristics, and course of delirium and dementia (3)

Delirium

Develops?
Usually?
Less?
Problems in?
What are 2 types of delirium?

Answer 1

Develops Quickly

Usually reversible if identified and treated quickly

Less aware of environment; loss of ability to focus

Problems in memory, orientation, language

Hyperactive
Hypoactive (mostly missed)
Mix of both!

Question 2

Risk factors for Delirium

Answer 2

Age!!!!!!!
Comorbid cognitive impairment!!!!!
Infection (COVID, pneumonia, urinary tract)
Dehydration

Changes in vitals (including hypotension and hyper- or hypothermia)

Medications
Pain
Stress
Substance withdrawal

Question 3

Dementia symptoms? 3

Answer 3

Cognitive impairment
Emotional and behavioral changes
Physical and functional decline

Question 4

Meds
Cholinesterase Inhibitors?
NMDA Antagonist?
Combinations?
Common side effects?

Answer 4

Cholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezil (Aricept)
Galantamine (Razadyne)

NMDA Antagonist
Memantine (Namenda)

Combinations
Memantine ER + Donepezil (Namzaric)

● Common side effects of both classes are GI (N/V, diarrhea, loss of appetite), dizziness