Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Two classes of cognitive disorders:

Answer 1

Delirium
Mild or Major Neurocognitive disorder

Question 2

An often temporary condition displayed as confusion or disorientation

Answer 2

Delirium

Question 3

A progressive condition marked by gradual deterioration of a range of cognitive abilities

Answer 3

Mild or Major Neurocognitive disorder

Question 4

It is an abnormal mental state involving hallucinations

Answer 4

Hallucinosis

Question 5

Indicates that brain damage or dysfunction was believed to be involved

Answer 5

Organic

Question 6

It was used in DSM IV to signify that their predominant feature is the impairment of cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, perception, and thinking

Answer 6

Cognitive disorders

Question 7

It is characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days. It is one of the earliest-recognized mental disorders.

Answer 7

Delirium

Question 8

People with ____ appear confused, disoriented, and out of touch with their surroundings. They cannot focus and sustain their attention on even the simplest tasks. They are marked impairments in memory and language.

Answer 8

Delirium

Question 9

previously labeled as dementia, is a gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory , judgement, language, and other advanced cognitive processes

Answer 9

Major Neurocognitive disorder

Question 10

Is a new DSM-5 disorder that was created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline. The person has the modest impairments in cognitive abilities but can, with some accommodations, continue to function independently

Answer 10

Mild Neurocognitive disorder

Question 11

The gradual progression of _____ may have somewhat different symptoms, although all aspects of cognitive functioning are eventually affected

Answer 11

neurocognitive disorder

Question 12

It is the inability to recognize and name objects. It is one of the most familiar symptoms.

Answer 12

Agnosia

Question 13

It is the inability to recognize even familiar faces

Answer 13

Facial agnosia

Question 14

Common side effects of neurocognitive disorder: (5)

Answer 14

Delusions
Depression
Agitation
Aggression
Apathy

Question 15

DSM-5 identifies classes of neurocognitive disorder based on etiology (causation): (11)

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular injury
Frontotemporal degeneration
Traumatic brain injury
Lewy body disease
Parkinson’s disease
HIV infection
Substance abuse
Huntington’s disease
Prion disease
Another medical condition

Question 16

The German physicist, ____, first described the disorder that bears his name. He called the disorder an “atypical form of senile dementia”

Answer 16

Alois Alzheimer

Question 17

is characterized by the emergence or increment of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, confusion, anxiety, and aggressiveness in late afternoon, in the evening, or at night. And is highly prevalent among individuals with dementia.

Answer 17

Sundowner syndrome

Question 18

People with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease also display one or more other cognitive disturbances including: (4)

Answer 18

Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Difficulty with activities

Question 19

Is a condition characterized by disruptions in the brain’s blood supply that lead to impairment of one or more aspects of a person’s conscious brain functions. Declines in speed information processing and executive functioning (e.g. complex decision making)

Answer 19

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 20

Is a form of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). It is predominant among athletes and sportspeople who suffer concussion, e.g., wrestlers, boxers, etc., and present essentially with characteristics of dementia.

Answer 20

Dementia pugilistica

Question 21

Is caused by repetitive head trauma that can provoke distinctive neurodegeneration.

Answer 21

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Question 22

It is an overarching term used to categorize a variety of brain disorders that damage the frontal or temporal regions of the brain-areas that affect personality, language, and behavior.

Answer 22

Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

Question 23

DSM-5 identifies two variants of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder:

Answer 23

Through declines in appropriate behavior
Declines in language

Question 24

It is one of the disorders in frontotemporal neurocognitive disorders. It is a condition that causes progressive damage and disruptions in a person’s brain at younger ages than expected for age-related brain disorders. It affects parts of the brain that control emotions, behavior, personality, and language.

Answer 24

Pick’s disease

Question 25

It includes symptoms that persist for at least a week following the trauma including executive dysfunction and problems with learning and memory. Teens and young adults are at greatest risk especially accompanied by alcohol abuse or lower socio-economic class.

Answer 25

Neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

Question 26

Are microscopic deposits of a protein that damage brain cells over time

Answer 26

Lewy bodies

Question 27

Is a disorder where round clumps of protein build up abnormally in the brain, causing the death of nerve cells.
These deposits affect chemicals in the brain whose changes, in turn, can lead to problems with thinking, movement, behavior, and mood.

Answer 27

Lewy body disease

Question 28

Is a brain condition that causes problems with movement, mental health, sleep, pain and other health issues. It gets worse over time. There is no cure, but therapies and medicines can reduce symptoms. Common symptoms include tremors, painful muscle contractions and difficulty speaking.

Answer 28

Parkinson’s disease

Question 29

Is a neurotransmitter involved in complex movement

Answer 29

Dopamine

Question 30

The early symptoms of neurocognitive disorder resulting from HIV are: (3)

Answer 30

Cognitive slowness
Impaired attention
Forgetfulness

Question 31

Neurocognitive disorder resulting from HIV is sometimes referred to as “____” because it affects primarily the inner areas of the brain.

Answer 31

subcortical dementia

Question 32

Is a genetic disorder that initially affects motor movements typically in the form of chorea, involuntary limb movements.

Answer 32

Huntington’s Disease

Question 33

is an inherited disorder that causes nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain to gradually break down and die. The disease attacks areas of the brain that help to control voluntary (intentional) movement, as well as other areas.

Answer 33

Huntington’s disease

Question 34

It is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions

Answer 34

Neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease

Question 35

Proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells leading to neurocognitive decline

Answer 35

Prions

Question 36

It is a type of prion disease. It is commonly referred to as “mad cow disease”. This disease might be transmitted from infected cattle to humans.

Answer 36

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 37

Is a language disorder caused by damage in a specific area of the brain that controls language expression and comprehension. It leaves a person unable to communicate effectively with others. Many people have it as a result of stroke.

Answer 37

Aphasia

Question 38

Inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function

Answer 38

Apraxia

Question 39

is a disorder of the brain and nervous system in which a person is unable to perform tasks or movements when asked, even though the request or command is understood.

Answer 39

Apraxia

Question 40

This impairment unfortunately lasts beyond the period involves in intoxication or withdrawal from these substances. The resulting brain damage can be permanent and can cause the same symptoms as seen in a neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s type.

Answer 40

Substance/Medication-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder