Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
Delirium
A: A disturbance in attention accompanied by reduced awareness of the environment
B: The disturbance develops over a short period of time (couple hours) represents a change from baseline, fluctuates in severity
C: an additional disturbance in cognition (memory, disorientation, language)
Delirium specifiers
Acute
persistent
hyper active
hypo active
mixed level
substance intoxication delirium substance withdrawal delirium
Major neurocognitive disorder
A: evidence of a significant cognitive decline from previous levels of performance in one or more cognitive domains (complex attention executive functioning learning/memory language perceptual motor or social cognition) based on: 
- Concern of the individual/informant/clinician that there has been a significant decline in cognitive functioning and
-  A substantial impairment in cognitive performance documented by standardized neuropsychological testing or quantified clinical assessment
B: The cognitive deficits interfere with independence in every day activities
Major neurocognitive disorder specifier types
Alzheimers disease
Fronto temporal degeneration
Lewy body disease
vascular disease
traumatic brain injury
substance/medication use
HIV infection
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Mild neurocognitive disorder
A: evidence of modest cognitive decline from previous levels of performance in one or more cognitive domains based on
1. Individual/informant/clinician concern of mild decline in cognitive functioning and
2. A modest impairment in cognitive performance documented by standardize neuropsychological testing or quantified clinical assessment
B: The cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for independence in every day activities
Major and mild neurocognitive disorders roughly corresponds to what condition
Dementia
Major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease
A: The criteria or met for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: There is insidious onset and gradual progression of impairment in one or more cognitive domain
C: Criteria or met for possible Alzheimer’s disease as follows:
- For major neurocog disorder:
- evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation
- All three of the following:
• Evidence of a decline in memory and learning
•  Progressive decline in cognition
• No evidence of mixed etiology

Major or mild frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
A: The criteria or met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder
B: The disturbance has insidious onset and gradual progression
C: Either of the following:
- Behavioral variant:
A- Behavioral disinhibition- Apathy or inertia
- Loss of sympathy/empathy
- Preservative stereotyped or compulsive behavior
- Hyperorality and dietary changes
.
B- prominent decline and social cognition/executive abilities
- Language variant
- Prominent decline in language ability
D: Relative sparing of learning and memory and perceptual motor functioning
S mild or major neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies
A: The criteria or met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder
B: The disorder has an insidious onset and gradual progression
C: The disorder meets a combination of core diagnostic features for probable or possible neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies
Core diagnostic features:
1. Fluctuating cognition with variations in attention and alertness
2. Visual hallucinations
3. Features of Parkinson’s
Suggestive features:
1. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
2. Neuroleptic sensitivity
 Major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder
A: criteria for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: Clinical features are consistent with the vascular etiology I suggested by either of the following:
1. Onset of cognitive deficits is temporarily related to one or more cerebrovascular events
2. Evidence for decline is prominent in complex attention and fronto- executive function
C: evidence of the presence of cerebrovascular disease
Probable vascular neurocognitive disorder versus possible vascular neurocognitive disorder
Probable: One or more of the following:
1. Neuroimaging evidence of significant parenchymal injury due to Cerebrovascular disease (neuro-imaging supported)
2. Neurocognitive syndrome is related to one or more documented cerebrovascular events
3. Both clinical and genetic evidence of cerebrovascular disease is present
Possible: no neuroimaging done and no temportal relationship 
Major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to TBI
A: criteria meant for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: Evidence of a TBI with one of the following:
1. Loss of consciousness
2. post traumatic amnesia 3.disorientation and confusion 4. neurological signs
C: The neurocognitive disorder presents immediately after the TBI
Substance/medication induced major mild neurocognitive disorder
A: The criteria or met for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: Impairments do not occur exclusively during the course of delirium and persist beyond duration of intoxication/withdrawal
C: The substance is capable of producing the neurocognitive impairment
D: Temporal relationship
Major/mild neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection
A: criteria met for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: Documented infection with human immunodeficiency virus
C: The neurocognitive disorder is not better explained by non-HIV conditions
Major/mild neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease
A: criteria meant for major/mild neurocognitive disorder
B: Insidious onset rapid progression of impairment
C: Motor features of prion disease such as ataxia or biomarker evidence

