Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Exam 3 > neurocognitive disorders > Flashcards

neurocognitive disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

cognition

A

system of interrelated abilities such as perception, reasoning, judgement, intuition, and memory. Allows one to be aware of oneself in relation to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

memory

A

facet of cognition, retaining and recalling past experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

delirium

A

ACUTE cognitive impairment with rapid onset caused by medical condition
cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral changes, physical and functional decline, and untimely death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dementia

A

CHRONIC cognitive impairment; differentiated by cause not symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sundowning

A

the tendency for an individuals mood to deteriorate and agitation increase in the later part of the day, with the fading of light, or at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aphasia

A

loss of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

expressive aphasia

A

cannot find the words to express ideas (Broca’s area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

receptive aphasia

A

cannot interpret what is said ( Wernicke’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

apraxia

A

loss of purposeful movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

agnosia

A

loss of ability to recognize objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

confabulation

A

unconscious creating of stories or answers in place of actual memories (maintains self-esteem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

perservation

A

persistent repetition of a work, phrase, or gesture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hyperorality

A

tendency to put everything in the mouth and to taste and chew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

common identified causes of delirium

A

meds
infections
fluid and electrolyte imbalances
hypoxia/ischemia
brain alterations
**medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clinical picture of delirium

A

disturbance in attention and awareness
acute onset (hours to a few days) change from baseline; fluctuates over coarse of 24 hours
may also experience: memory deficit, disorientation, language changes, visuospatial ability ( think provider is daughter), delusions and hallucinations (usually visual), disturbances in sleep-wake pattern, direct physiological cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

four cardinal features of delirium

A

acute onset and fluctuating coarse
reduced ability to direct, focus, shift, and sustain attention
disorganized thinking
disturbances of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cognitive and perceptual disturbances of delirium

A

illusions
hallucinations

18
Q

orientation - non-pharmacological for delirium

A

encouraged to express fears and discomforts
comfort measures to instill trust
frequent verbal orientation
frequent brief interaction
consistency
allow television during the day with daily news
play non verbal music
approach patient slowly and from the front and address patients by name

19
Q

environment- non-pharmacological for delirium

A

adequate lighting
easy to read calendars and clocks
reasonable noise level
sleep hygiene
safety
symptomatic and supportive care

20
Q

pharmacological interventions for delirium

A

very small doses of antipsychotics
benzo’s ( lorazepam, watch for irritation, for hepatic dysfunction use this instead of antipsychotics)
sleep aid: mirtazapine
pain control: assess objectivity; consider intermittent narcotics
identify all possible drug-drug interaction
must treat underlying cause

21
Q

nursing care summary for delirium

A

provide safety
medication management
provide symptomatic and supportive care
basic human needs
build trust

22
Q

communication with delirium

A

use short, simple sentences
speak slowly and clearly, pitching voice low, do not act rushed or shout
identify self by name
repeat questions, allowing adequate time for response
tell client what you want done not what to do
encourage to express fears and discomfort
frequent, brief, verbal orientation

23
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

progressive deterioration
no change in consciousness
condition is acquired
difficulty with memory, problem solving, and complex attention
affects orientation, attention, memory, vocabulary, calculation ability, and abstract thinking

24
Q

mild neurocognitive disorders

A

does not interfere with ADL’s, does not necessarily progress

25
Q

major neurocognitive disorders

A

interferes with daily functioning and independence

26
Q

causes of major neurocognitive disorders

A

Alzheimer’s
frontotemporal dementia
dementia with Lewy bodies
vascular dementia
TBI
substance induced dementia
HIV infection
Prion disease
Parkinson’s disease
huntingtins disease

27
Q

Alzheimers

A

disturbances in executive functioning including aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, MMSE, sun downing, confabulation, preservation (persistent repetition of a work, phrase, or gesture), hyperorality

28
Q

risk factors of Alzheimers

A

age and family history, cardiovascular disease, social engagement, head injury and TBI, HTN and dyslipidemia

29
Q

hallmarks of Alzheimers

A

Tau proteins and beta-amyloid plaques create neurofibrillary tangles
oxidative stress and free radicals, inflammation, brain atrophy

30
Q

amyloid plaques

A

sticky clumps between nerve cells

31
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

abnormal collections of protein threads inside nerve cells

32
Q

neurotransmitters implicated in alzheimers

A

acetylcholine and glutamate

33
Q

acetylcholine

A

learning, memory, and mood. brain produces less acetylcholine
cholinesterase inhibitors keep the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine

34
Q

glutamate

A

involved with cell signaling, learning, and memory.
excess glutamate
NMDA antagonists help reduce excess calcium by blocking some NMDA receptors

35
Q

mild alzheimers

A

forgetfulness, misplace articles, decreased recall, social withdraw, frustrated with self, changes may not be apparent to others

36
Q

moderate alzheimers

A

decreased ability for self care, way finding, disoriented to time and place; wandering, pacing, possible hallucinations or delusions begin, decreased visual perception leading to accidents; needs supervision; emotional lability-big swings, symptoms noticable

37
Q

severe alzheimers

A

cannot care for self, loss use of language, minimal long term memory, constant complete care

38
Q

cognitive assessment tools

A

Mini-mental state exam (MMSE)
dementia severity rating scale
geriatric depression scale
memory impairment screen
mini-cog
functional assessment staging tool (FAST)

39
Q

interventions for confusion/agitation

A

speak clearly, slowly, directly
don’t approach from behind
face patient
use of para-verbal and nonverbal communication techniques
walk or walk/talk with patient if they are restless
picture albums of pets, wildlife, scenery
music- that the person likes
patience!!!

40
Q

alzheimers meds-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEl)

A

donepezil
rivastigmine P.O. transdermal patch
galantamine
indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s
used to delay not decrease cognitive decline
most common side effects nausea, vomting
peaks in 3 months but continues to delay decline

41
Q

alzheimers meds- NMDA antagonists

A

memantine
modulation of N-methyl-D-asperate (NMDA)
restore the function of damaged nerve cells and reduce abnormal excitary signasl of the NT glutamate
mild side effects of dizziness, confusion, headaches, and constipation

Psych Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions