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Neurobiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Fxn of medulla?

A
  • regulates respiration, HR, bp
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2
Q

Fxn of the pons?

A
  • regulates sleep-wake cycles
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3
Q

Fxn of the cerebellum?

A
  • regulates reflexes and balance

- coordinates movement

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4
Q

Fxn of the thalamus?

A
  • major sensory relay center

- regulates higher brain centers and PNS

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5
Q

Fxn of the hypothalamus?

A
  • emotion and motivation

- stress reactions

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6
Q

Limbic system components and fxns?

A
  • hippocampus: formation of new memories
  • amygdala: governs emotions related to self preservation
  • in depression - amygdala revved - a lot of activity, why you have to taper meds and not just d/c them rapidly
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7
Q

Components and fxns of the cerebral cortex?

A
  • occiptal lobe: receives and processes visual info
  • temporal lobe: smell, hearing, balance and equilibrium, emotion and motivation, some language comprehension, complex visual processing
  • parietal lobe: sensory projection and association areas, visual/spatial abilities
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8
Q

Fxn of the frontal lobe?

A
  • goal directed behavior
  • concentration
  • emotional control and temperament
  • motor projection and assoc areas
  • coordinates messages from other lobes
  • complex problem solving
  • involved in many aspects of personality
  • prefrontal: involved in depression and bipolar
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9
Q

What are NTs?

A
  • chemicals that transmit messages from neuron to neuron
  • about 50 id’d
  • can excite or inhibit
  • each NT directly or indirectly influences neurons in specific portions of the brain, thereby affecting behavior
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10
Q

Common excitatory NTs?

A
  • Ach
  • NE
  • glutamate
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11
Q

Common inhibitory NTs?

A
  • dopamine
  • serotonin
  • GABA
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12
Q

Fxn of Ach? Malfxn?

A
  • fxn: muscle action, learning, memory

- malfxn: dementia, alzheimers

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13
Q

Fxn of dopamine? Malfxn?

A
  • fxn: movement, learning, attention, emotion, motivation as well as mood
  • malfxn: too much = schizo
  • too little = depression or parkinson’s
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14
Q

Fxn of serotonin? Malfxn?

A
  • fxn: mood, hunger, sleep, general level of arousal
  • malfxn: not enough = depression
    too much = mania
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15
Q

Fxn of NE? Malfxn?

A
  • fxn: alertness, arousal

- malfxn: not enough = depression

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16
Q

Fxn of GABA?

A
  • inhibitory (block nerve impulses), dials down brain activity
  • if not enough can lead to seizures, tremors, or insomnia
17
Q

Fxn of Glutamate?

A
  • excitatory

- too much would over stimulate the brain and could lead to seizures

18
Q

How do transmitters work (stepwise)?

A
  • nerve impulse travels from 1st neuron to another through axon to axon terminal and synaptic knob
  • each knob communicates with dendrite or cell body of another neuron
  • the knobs contain neurovesicles that stores and release NTs
  • the nerve impulse travels through the axon until it eventually reachs the presynaptic membrane
  • presynaptic membrane contains NTs to be released in the synaptic cleft
  • freely flowing NT molecules are picked up by receptors located in the post synaptic membrane of another neuron
  • once the NT is picked up by the receptors in the post synpatic membrane the molecule is internalized in the neuron and the impulse continues
  • the normal flow of the NT is from the presynaptic membrane to the receptors on the post synaptic membrane
19
Q

NT malfxn?

A
  • in certain disease states the flow of the NT is defective
  • in depression for ex the molecules flow back to their originating site (presynaptic membrane) instead of to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
20
Q

NTs involved in schizophrenia?

A
  • excess dopamine

- GABA and glutamate and ACh may also be assoc

21
Q

NT involved in alzheimers?

A
  • Ach
22
Q

NTs involved in depression?

A
  • NE
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
23
Q

NTs involved in generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • NE and serotonin
24
Q

NTs involved in ADD/ADHD?

A
  • dopamine and NE
25
Q

NTs involved in drug addiction?

A
  • A lot of them!
26
Q

Effect of amphetamines on dopamine?

A
  • cause release of dopamine -

increase dopamine - lead to schizo and psychosis

27
Q

Effect of cocaine on dopamine?

A
  • inhibits uptake of dopamine
28
Q

Effect of nicotine on dopamine and glutamate?

A
  • stimulates release of dopamine and glutamate ( smokers have reduced risk of developing parkinsons - increased dopamine)
  • most likely increases risk of schizo

Psych (20 decks)

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